The Extreme Deep Ocean Environment and the Cookiecutter Shark

An surroundings is the conditions or surroundings in which an organism supports in. An ingrained environment has utmost(prenominal) conditions out font of the normal hurtle in which organisms usu on the wholey kick the bucket. These extreme conditions could be things such as in truth advanced or real low temperatures, an absence seizure of irrigate or an abundance of water and rattling high levels of precipitation or very low levels of precipitation. An example of an extreme environment is the latterly nauticalic.The sea covers just around 71% of the Earths go on and is secti wizardd into contrasting sea zones. The mystic sea refers to all maritime zones more than 1,000m below the open air. These zones argon the Bathypelagic zone (Mid apparition Zone), the Abyssopelagic Zone (The Abyss) and the Hadalpelagic Zone (The Trenches). The several(predicate) indistinct nautical zones all birth varying extreme conditions that ingest the organisms which function indoors them to adapt.One of the wildcats that sees in the deep sea is the Cookie cutter cheat, formerly kn experience as the Cigar chisel. The Cookiecutter shark lives between the abyssal and Mid darkness zones and some(prenominal) times climbs to the decline Zone. The shark is a leech which mover that it chow chow its feast in units of less than one and is named after the cooky do bites it leaves on its course.Describe the conditions of the deep ocean zone(s) that require special adaptations for pick of the naval organism.Im going to be outlining the conditions of the Midnight and abysmal zones as these argon the deep ocean zones in which my chosen organism lives.SunlightIn the Midnight and abyssal zones there is no temperateness substance that it is very dark. close creatures in these zones argon dark food colouringed. The dark colouring acts a disguise against the darkness of the water to financial support the creatures hidden from caribes. This summa tions their chances of survival as it manner they atomic number 18 less akinly to be found and hunted by predators. a nonher(prenominal) adaptation that these creatures have is bioluminescence.Bioluminescence is the ability to baffle light by physiological processes which encourages the species hook prey. If deep sea creatures werent bioluminescent they would be invisible to prey beca routine of their dark camouflage and would because non be qualified to attract them. Bioluminescence give the gate in like manner service of process to produce light in gild for creatures to see.Because there is no sunlight in these zones, there argon no plants. This is because plants require sunlight to carry out photosynthesis and therefore live. It is extremely difficult to see anything in these deep ocean zones, therefore creatures which live in these zones must(prenominal) have adaptations for their look which relinquish them to see in the dark. Most deep sea creatures have very br agging(a) eyes and reflective retinas to encourage them see. They are also helped through the use of bioluminescence as mentioned above.TemperatureThe Midnight and abysmal zones have a temperature range of 2 4 degrees celsius. It is somewhat warmer in the Midnight Zone compared to the Abyssal Zone as it is proximate to the surface of the water and is therefore closer to sunlight which stick outs warmth. Most animals in the deep ocean zones travel very slowly because their transfiguration is slowed obliterate by the ratty temperatures importee they chamberpott get as much nil as fast as some some early(a) creatures in the warmer ocean zones (3). Some animals also have toothsome to stay warm against the very cold conditions.PressureThe air air pressure level of the Abyssal Zone can reach 11,000 psi at times which way of life that the bodies of the creatures which live there pick out to adapt so they dont become humiliated downstairs the pressure. Most deep sea creat ures are made up of liquids that are not well compressed convey that they are suit up to(p) to experience chthonic immense pressure.These creatures also have untouchable swot so that they are not crushed due to the pressure. The pressure is so large because there is tonnes of water get-up-and-go down on the organisms which live within the deep ocean. The deeper the ocean zone, the more pressure there is due to the increased free weight from above.Describe the adaptations that enable the chosen marine organism(s) to survive in the deep ocean zone(s).Behavioural adaptationsThe Cookiecutter shark lives between different ocean zones depending on the time of day. During the day, Cookiecutter Sharks stay somewhat 1,000 m 3,500 m below the surface in the Midnight and Abyssal zones. At night they climb to somewhat 300 m below the surface in the gloam Zone. The sharks move to shal freeze off waters at night in put together to wipe out. They do this because the sh spareer ocean zones such as the Twilight Zone, are home to the bigger mammals which the Cookiecutter Sharks usually dedicate on. These include dolphins, whales, tuna and other species of sharks.Structural adaptationsCookiecutter shark is a grey/brown colour with a dark ring around its gill area and a brightness level coloured tum. This adaptation allows the Cookiecutter Shark to run camouflaged in the darkness of the deep sea environment. Because the shark is camouflaged it means that it can remain hidden from big predators. This increases the sharks chances of survival.The Cookiecutter Shark is also bioluminescent in order to lure its prey. The light from the sharks belly attracts larger fish which the Cookiecutter Shark feed on. The dark coloured ring on the throat of the shark, against the glow of the underside of the sharks body, is design to make the Cookiecutter Shark look give care a modest fish when viewed from below.The larger prey see this and move in to feed on the seemingly infinitesimal and harmless fish. This is when the Cookiecutter Shark turns from prey to predator and feeds on the larger creature by leaving cookie cutter shaped holes on the creatures body.The Cookiecutter Shark feeds on larger sea creatures by latching on to them with its teensyer top odontiasis while acrid the flesh with its large bottom dentition. The shark spins its body to rip the flesh from its prey leaving a cookie cutter shaped hole on its body. These bites are not fatal to the prey, but they provide enough nutrition for the Cookiecutter Shark.Because the bites are not fatal and the shark only eats a small segment of its prey, they are classified as a miscellanea of parasite. The Cookiecutter shark has adapted to losing all of its teeth at once as contrasted to having only a few come about out a time like other sharks. The teeth are consequently(prenominal) digested and are mentation to increase the levels of calcium in the sharks body which helps keep the shar ks bone up strong. This is an effective adaptation because it makes sure the sharks bones are strong enough to go the immense pressure of the deep sea environment.In order to sea in the dark of the deep ocean, the Cookiecutter Shark has very large eyes on the side of its head.Physiological adaptationsThe Cookiecutter Shark has an oily liver-colored that is larger compared to the liver of similar sharks. Its large liver makes up around 35% of its sum body mass.(1) The Cookiecutters liver has low slow-wittedness oils which makes the shark able to roam in the same place as inappropriate to sinking to the bottom.This makes the sharks neutrally buoyant means they dont float up or down. This allows the shark to have energy because it has no need to eer swim to avoid sinking. This is good because in the Abyssal and Midnight zones there is not very much food available meaning that energy is very precious and should be saved wherever possible.The adaptations of the liver can also h elp the shark diving to greater depths. This would be very effective to the Cookiecutter Shark when swimming back down to the Midnight and Abyssal zones after feeding in the Twilight Zone. apologize in stage and analyse how these adaptations contribute together to allow the marine organism to survive in this extreme environment.In order for the Cookiecutter Shark to survive in this extreme environment, it must have adaptations to withstand the pressure. Two adaptations that exit together to do this are the sharks teeth falling out and the concentration/ size of the liver. The density and size of the liver of the Cookiecutter Shark is a very crucial part of being able to withstand the pressure of the deep ocean.The oil in the liver of the shark is very low density and not easily compressed(3), which combined with the large size of the liver, allows the shark to be able to withstand the immense pressure. As mentioned previously, it is thought that Cookiecutter Sharks lose their bottom teeth and then swallow them in order to increase calcium levels.This increased amount of calcium helps to make the sharks bones stronger meaning that they are less likely to break under pressure. If this didnt happen, the levels of calcium that the shark has would be lower and its bones would be brittle and easily crushed under the weight and pressure of the deep ocean. These two adaptations both work together to help the Cookiecutter Shark to survive in the Midnight and Abyssal zones.Another embed of adaptations that work together to help the Cookiecutter Shark survive in the deep ocean environment are bioluminescence, camouflage and move between ocean zones. Because the Cookiecutter Shark lives in such a dark environment it needs to be seen in order to attract prey. The shark does this by employ bioluminescence. The underside of the shark lights up against the darkness of the ocean to be seen from below by potential prey.The dark colouring of the shark does the opposite for the shark and keeps it camouflaged. This allows the shark to deal from predators and stay hidden when it moves from the deeper ocean zones to the Twilight Zone during the night. The colour of the shark also makes it seem small when viewed from below by prey. This paired with the bioluminescence fools prey into swimming closer to the shark in the hopes of eating it. When twenty-four hours nears, the Cookiecutter Shark then descends back to the Midnight and Abyssal zones where it remains hidden due to its camouflage.Explain in detail anything else that would be germane(predicate) to the organisms survival such as how the adaptations allow the marine organism to coexist with other marine organisms in the same ocean zone(s).The adaptation that allows the Cookiecutter Shark to coexist with other marine organisms is the teeth of the shark. This is because the Cookiecutter Shark is a parasite. This means that the shark eats small parts from prey as contradictory to eating the entir e organism. The shark takes small cookie shaped bites of flesh from the bodies of its prey. This leaves the prey injured but not fatally injured meaning it can live on and recover from the Cookiecutter attack.When I was look intoing I found it was very difficult to dress information about the adaptations of the Cookiecutter Shark that help it coexist with other marine organisms. This means that the Cookiecutter Shark is quite an independent creature and more research needs to be done about the nature and behaviour of this shark.ConclusionThe deep ocean is the largest of many extreme environments on Earth and is home to very many different types of organisms all with their own sets of adaptations which work together to help them survive and coexist with other organisms. The Cookiecutter Shark is one of these deep ocean creatures and although I was able to research enough to write a report about it, more research needs to be done about this mysterious creature.BibliographyDeep Sea Cookiecutter Shark Elasmo-research. http//www.elasmo-research.org/education/ecology/deepsea-cookiecutter.htm. Accessed 6 Jun. 2018. provoke Facts About the Abyssal Zone Thatll showtime ScienceStruck. https//sciencestruck.com/interesting-facts-about-abyssal-zone. Accessed 5 Jun. 2018.How Deep Sea Creatures fail Water Temperature Ocean Fiboni. 15 Mar. 2013, http//www.fiboni.com/2013/03/the-survival-strategies-of-deep-sea-creatures/. Accessed 6 Jun. 2018.Cookiecutter Sharks, Isistius brasiliensis MarineBio.org. http//marinebio.org/species.asp?id=491. Accessed 5 Jun. 2018.The Cookiecutter Shark Is A eldritch Species Of Shark Shark Sider. https//www.sharksider.com/cookiecutter-shark/. Accessed 13 Jun. 2018.