Private and Public Security

To begin, I will state that general certificate and reclusive security need each some other(a) to resist in their fields. Unfortunately, public security or state law of nature officers, dont commonly have enough personnel nor can they be everywhere altogether in all over town. There Just isnt enough man power. Public resort gets paid by revenue repairers to patrol their neighborhoods, schools, large banks, airports etc. They dont have the date or people to Just hang around certain neighborhoods all day and night or small businesses. This is where they benefit from public security and their unique responsibilities.Like everything, sometimes these relationships are like a marriage. Some campaign and some dont, I guess it dep depots on demographic and education. I get along in Miami, Fl where my keep up served a couple of years as a private security officer they got a ken of support when they involve to make an arrest (depending on the neighborhood or gig) precisely wh en it came to having the police patrol areas that were hot in between shifts, they were virtually nowhere to be seen. This left them with a lot of work load and relying on their bringing up and personal strategies on how to deal with the days work.My hubby said the officers who apply to patrol the areas he was in would tell him to rely on his artillery because the cops were Jerks and sometimes took too long to show up to a scene. My husband is a social butterfly. He loves to talk to people and make them jocularity and be arrest your friend. Id say he could be an excellent Disney officer With this existence said, he do it his mission to befriend the counties cops and work with them. In slight than 3 months, he was friendly with two cops and had personal contact exchanged.He brought them nutrient whenever he got a chance and looked protrude when he left his shifts and made sure all was good on his drive back home, food product store, school etc. They became a mini team and my husband snarl very supported by the local public officers. I snarl comfort knowing they were a team and my husband had backup out in the real world. My husbands security firm was very small and unacknowledged but they had very solid clients. Some of these clients included deiced agencies, high end condominiums, high end bars in downtown, and other good pay residential areas.They had contacts with these kind of places. My mom asked him once why such squiffy condos hired them instead of relying on local police. These were after all, higher tax paying individuals right? If you know Miami, you know that all homes that were worth millions of dollars in neighborhoods like Cutler Bay dont want to live in Caribbean Blvd near the Turnpike. every(prenominal) ritzy neighborhood whether residential or commercial, had a low set poor neighborhood r high crime neighborhood leap lining it. This is where they come in.Some of these areas police department had this annoying habit of non co ming to the crime scene immediately even if you did live in the Vicar neighborhood. This is where private security is compensated and supported by the communities and public officers. My husband guarded a hospital branch and condominium from pm to surface-to-air missile 4 days a week. Cops were not always available to come and make a report about a parking lot light that was out, a missing sign, a loud teenager at the pool, a dog whose winner keeps letting them relieve themselves right in front of some front doors.I am sure that my husband existence there responding to these tedious little things that may seem insignificant but are actually relieving a burden off the officers. On the other hand, state and local police were tending to the streets, following up on emergencies and minor incidents, traffic violations, domestic calls etc. They relief their workload and full treatment in their favor to have private officers taking care of other issues within the same community/city. Som e people are panicked and think that privatized security is eke authorizing vigilantism, I actually recently read that someplace online.This cannot be proven anywhere in the US. In order to fix our neighborhoods, we must be willing to pay. I mean actually pay out of our pockets. If you are not willing to pay, dont complain about the podgy grandpa that is napping at Bam instead of securing your investment. You get what you give and it can be a perfect harmony in between public and private agencies especially if theyre willing to train together and work together as a united force called for different area codes.

Dr. Albert Ellis Essay

Dr. Albert Ellis became cognise for setting frontiers in the field of psychology. He questi hotshotd some(prenominal) age- grey-haired beliefs passim his c areer and tried to prove each of them with theories. His expertise expounded on serviceman grammatical gender, psychoanalysis, ad cognitive behavioral psych differentapy. The focus that he gave in sexology and sexuality led to many publications and teachings accountable to him. It is not surprising so that he subscribed to Freudian ideologies. Among his to a greater extent popular studies was the Rational Emotive behavior Therapy or REBT. REBT focused on the role of the mind in directive emotions.It specified that the mindset of people is what transforms into emotions. In return, these reactions exit basis for coming(prenominal) feelings and actions. Ellis assumed with his theories that psychology tolerants depart occupy better faster and the manipulations go forth be easier if they cooperate and imbibe a agitate o f mind as closely of what adjudges cast step up emotions are incorrectly assumptions. By stopping oneself from devising demands that fecal matternot be easily satisfied and by being realistic, oppose emotions and just rough problems backside be resolved. This focus on cognitive behavior expounded many earlier studies on the area which lacked the focus it needed.Thus, Ellis was dubbed as the Most influential Psychologist by psychologists and counselors in America and Europe. (Dr. Albert Ellis, 2006) In his death he go forth a legacy of intelligence. This intelligence helped and volition continue to help millions of individuals who persevere bothered by intent issues that are mainly drivingd by wrong perceptions. Thus, this legacy was not for Ellis alone but for all practitioners and patients who impart advantage in his work. INTRODUCTION As shown in many biographies and stories make forth of the life of Dr. Albert Ellis, it was evident that a powerful influence was left to him by Freudian ideologies.He had many working that referred most especially to the human race sexuality. In his lifetime, he was in any case able to maintain twain attendant marriages which definitely peppered reality into his many whole kit and boodle and theories on sexology. (A brief chronicle of Dr. Albert Ellis, 2005) As Freud would fall in it he was in addition into psychoanalysis. He had a polar fashion of studying the human mindhow it functions and how other bodily functions refer to it. Of his many works sexuality and psychoanalysis were the focal point of most and of which he became better known. (A brief biography of Dr. Albert Ellis, 2005) Its all in the mindWe perceive pain only when we already know that an position or action causes pain. We become sad only when we know that something is saddening. These negative thoughts and feelings come from the mind. The mind is very powerful and it can dictate the whole body on how to suffer. It can likewis e tell the mind how to commend and perceive things. Thus, how a someone thinks affects how he feels. Rational Emotive appearance Therapy was created by Ellis in 1955. The theory found its instruction to a treatment method. It became possible with the thought that patients leave alone get better faster if they change their means of mentation.The mind, it says, can cure. (Albert Ellis and Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy, 2006) For instance, a patient of depression can get out from his bouts by going to the cause of his depression and ever-changing his reaction roughly it. Besides, depression as Ellis taught happens when the mortal convinces himself that the state of his person is not what it should be and or else should be another. These blind idealisms cause worries and frustrations which leads to depression. (REBT by Dr. Albert Ellis, n. d. ) In concurrence, a neurotic, Ellis specifies, can get out of his neuroses by stopping it.Thus, Ellis promotes that the mind dict ates what the bodys state provide be especially when it comes to emotions. Ellis theory stresses that reactions to a certain event, state, or item identifies the oerall feeling of a person towards it. (REBT by Dr. Albert Ellis, n. d. ) Therefore, a person can alter his view of it by either changing the way in which he perceives it or convincing him to do so. When a person successfully does this, it will be easier for him to overcome his negative feelings and be more optimistic. Optimism thus leads to a better outlook in life. Ellis psychology variant psychologyIn its prime, Ellis schools of thought differed from the others at that it puts ferocity on different detailors that are otherwise overlooked by other theories. Its combination of cotton up points allowed these overlooked factors to be studied through with(predicate) this single theory. These factors include emphasis on early childhood, deep philosophic change and scientific opinion. (REBT by Dr. Albert Ellis, n. d. ) While these factors keep back been studied long before Ellis time, it was only through the focus that Ellis gave that the factors were brought together in a homogenous fashion that for the resolution of a single objective.The objective here is to change the way of the pessimistic mind and create a mindset that will make it easy for a person to accept events that come his way and translate how to deal with them. The theory states that events which happen during the early childhood age drastically affect the state of mind of a person. The more negative these years were, the more pessimistic the person will likely get. Deep philosophical change is another factor. This is the one which changes the mindset of the person. By changing a persons philosophy in life he can become at peace with his self and the things that happen to him.In changing his lifes philosophy a person may nurse to deal into scientific thinking as well. Here there will be no vague inexplicable thoughts and idea lisms but rather specifics that can be explained and help the person understand himself and his ordeals. These trine measures spell the contrast surrounded by self-defeat and self-winning. The self can only be won by being rational. By these one explains to himself and understands that everything happens (or do not happen) for a reason. To be rational is to be realistic. When one leaves in a too towering or fantasy world is to deny oneself of the opportunity to win over situations.Being rational is a pre-requisite to being free, happy, and optimistic. The ABC and the Musts Ellis theory in addition developed the three ABCs which pose as the blueprint of emotions. The three includes the start of things (A), the beliefs of the person about the thing (B), and the reaction of the person about the thing (C). According to the process, every persons ordeal has a beginning. It may be from the immediate time or from a unlike away. It may be from his immediate surrounding or from a past neighborhood or workplace. Whenever or wherever that beginning may be, the fact is that there is a start. (What is REBT? , 2006)From the beginning of a situation a person starts to associate with it his personal beliefs and the beliefs that he form in concurrence to outside factors such as family and friends. These beliefs are developed from many different things, and so it is guaranteed that two persons under the same situation may have differing beliefs toward it. In connection, these beliefs affect the reaction that the person gives into the situation. As an example, a person who losss to get into a certain job position into a company he so much dreams of may feel very positive about applying, taking the application tests, and attending the interviews.He prepares for it and makes sure nothing comes bet weenyn him and his dream of getting his dream job and hence he fails. He did not get the job. This person will most likely cogitate that he does not deserve the failure because he prepared so much for everything. This belief will lead to a reaction of fussiness and resentment. But when following the Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy, he will put off the grief and focus on future things that he can doapply in other companies or reform on himself to take on the opportunity of re-application. This is the essence of REBT.The negative feelings that become reactions are often brought about by Musts. These are the assumed expectations of a person that when he fails to achieve can greatly give him negative thoughts and feelings. A person always feel he must do well and win the approval of others, that other people must be fair, kind, and true to him, that he must get what he wants when he want it. This spoiled-brat syndrome often leads to failed expectations. (What is REBT? , 2006) Getting away from thoughts that include these Musts allow one to be realistic. Sources say that these unrealistic demands when given up will solve 80% of a persons problems.(What is REBT? Introduction, explanation, and application, 2007) This highlights that problems arise from the mindset of a person. A problem becomes so if the person perceives that this thing is really a crisis and so if he will think that it is not a dilemma then it will not pose itself as a predicament. Benefits of rational thinking Being realistic, people say, will save one from the hurts of disillusionment and baffled fantasies. The same works with the theories presented by Ellis. Rational thinking bases itself on reality. Thus, it allows a person to be bound with facts.As it helps one overcome tribulations, it promotes a more positive self and mindset. Apart from this, there are other advantages brought about by Ellis theory. There is the accomplishment of goals, creation of manageable emotions, and advancement of behavior that allows survival. First, REBT allows one to achieve his goals and purposes. When a person has goals and purposes in life it may be overshadowed by negative feel ings and wrong beliefs and reactions. Rational thinking can take these away. Being in touch with reality will keep one collected. Secondly, reality creates emotions that one can handle.Because he perceives things realistically, everything that he may experience will be almost expected. Thus the outpour of emotions will be controllable. Of course, the emotions cannot be stopped. Yet, he will be able ti handle them accordingly and still think clear to be on top of the situation. Lastly, being in touch with reality helps one behave in ways that promote aims and survival. The person who follows Ellis school of thought have clear aims in life and the enthusiasm to achieve them They are also survivors. They do not know how to quit because they know that there are other things that they are worth for.(What is REBT? Introduction, explanation, and application, 2007) The impact Dr. Albert Ellis works paved the way to modern thoughts in psychology which were specific and focused. It also set a new era for psychological therapy and views on cognitive behavior. Apart from these works on emotive behavioral therapy, Ellis also had studies on sexuality that also influenced that field of study. Freuds work was on his armament, but he do progress by deriving from the scholar inspiration for fresh studies rather than repetition of old studies. With the works of Dr.Ellis studies on emotive behavior therapy became conspicuously ground on the mindset of the person. Because the theory was very consistent to the results on many studies, many counselors subscribed to the idea and used it to treat their patients. It then became possible to treat patients easily because counselors had a process to follow study the beginnings of the problem, modifying the beliefs of the person, and expectedly the change in his reaction. Dr. Ellis was able to think out of the box. He go away from the generalities and devised new studies that created new methodologies for psychotherapy.This changed the way in which psychology operated. It made the work easier for rejuvenates and patients alike. These outstanding works gave Dr. Ellis the brand for being the Most authoritative Psychologist by American and European practitioners alike. (Dr. Albert Ellis, 2006) Being influential is not spoken communication alone for Dr. Ellis. He embodies the influential psychologist, with published and well-publicized breakthroughs in psychology. These influence that the doctor made helped the field of psychology propel and become what it is now.Definitely, psychology could have not been the same. CONCLUSION Psychology is a never-ending process of encyclopedism how the minds of people work. The mindset of people changes through time. It is therefore understandable why psychologists are working endlessly. This has been how Dr. Albert Ellis lived his career. The quest of Dr. Ellis to find the explanations to many of psychoanalysis questions wee the inspirations that he had to create studies that ga ve birth to sexology and emotive behavior therapy, rather old schools of thought that were given new concepts. Best of all, Dr.Ellis made his studies so thoroughly and among well-chosen populations. His works were lauded. His work saved many lives. It is evident that Ellis works were greatly influenced by his strong orientation of the works of Sigmund Freud. Known for thoughts and theories on human sexuality and psychoanalysis, Freud was also popular for many studies on the area. In his time, Ellis achieved the same level of integrity in psychological studies, albeit not the oecumenic fame that Freud has achieved. However, his works were at par with that of the inspiring scholar from which he based many of his beliefs.His seriousness in his theories and studies may also be the one for which his own sexuality can be based, especially that he entered into two consecutive marriages. It will not be surprising to think that these marriages have influenced his concepts on human sexualit y which in turn inspired his studies and theories. The high-priced thing, however, is that Ellis confidently challenged existing ideologies, which enriched psychology. Through them, psychology has now advanced forward. though Dr. Ellis, the mind became the cure for its own predicaments. References A brief biography of dr. albert ellis. 2005.Retrieved October 23, 2007, from http//www. rebt. ws/albertellisbiography. hypertext markup language Albert Ellis and Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy. 2006. Retrieved October 23, 2007, from http//www. rebtnetwork. org/whois. hypertext markup language Dr. Albert Ellis. 2006. Retrieved October 23, 2007, from http//www. rebtnetwork. org/ REBT by Dr. Albert Ellis. n. d. Retrieved October 23, 2007, from http//www. rebt. cc/_wsn/page11. html What is REBT? 2006. Retrieved October 23, 2007, from http//www. rebtnetwork. org/whatis. html What is REBT? Introduction, explanation, and application. 2007. Retrieved October 23, 2007, from http//www. rebt. ws/ REBT%20explained. htm

Information Flow in an Organization Essay

Depending upon the organization selective information is used and disseminated accordingly. Information go plays a precise important role, and is a critical component among businesses who seek to be much advantageful than their competition. Companies cannot operate without a worthy and concise information flow which is accessible done the familiaritys different departments. The IT department and information systems argon mainly responsible for providing itinerarys for the various departments within the company to have access to applications and systems that assist employees in accomplishing their jobs with more ease. Businesses today desire heavily on information technology, and softw atomic number 18 applications to assist the different departments through supportering them complete their daily tasks and functions in a faster and break manner.Software applications help the information systems run in a way that allow employees to perform more tasks in less time and help e verything run smoothly together similar. As I examine my current employer I can see how important information flow is to the success of our company. Information is used to work together with every department stock-still it is easy to point out how it flows by examining each department such as Sales, Engineering, Programming and turnout.As orders are placed, our sales department is the scratch step in information flow in my organization. Customers have specialized requirements for each railroad car they purchase which generally always differ from previous(prenominal) versions we have made. Once the sales orders and specifications are in order they are sent from the sales department to our Engineering department to be designed. in that location are several different draftsmen and each has their own area of expertise. The Production managing director assigns the word forms and machines to be designed to the draftsmen based on the specifications given by the customer. Also, w hile in Engineering, the machines are given job numbers that go away follow them throughout the shop so that it may be track as wellhead as allow employees to clock into the proper job. Having a specific job number tied to a specific machine also allows management to review every individual that has worked on these machines at any time.After the machines have designed and approved they are thus sent to the computer curriculummeming department. The programming department is responsible for tearing the machines asunder in a CAD system known as SolidWorks and separating the frame from the sheet metal. After this has been completed the close step is to individually program each piece of tubing in the frame and apply the proper programming required for optimum cutting time on the laser. The next thing that is programmed is all the sheet metal parts.In order to program sheet metal, the part which is drawn in solidworks, must be salvage and transformed into a DXF file. These files are put into a software called SigmaNest and programmed moderately easy. Once all elements of the machine has been programmed, the programming department takes the programs, the job cogitate to the machine, the machine drawings and specifications, and the sales order and hands it off to the Floor Manager for Production.After the Floor manager has all this information, he decides which machines to cut and in what order to cut them in based on shipping dates. He then takes the machine programs, jobs, and drawing and pass them out to the proper departments which give work on cutting, assembling, painting, and testing each one of our machines before they are sealed and shipped off to any of our customers throughout the world.Information flow is natural in any business in maintain functionality as well as productivity. Without some sort of order, without some sort of standard operational procedures our company could not be one of the leading manufacturer of country machinery in the world.

Corrections Accreditation and Privatization Essay

Corrections accreditation is intended to improve facility operations through adherence to clear standards relevant to all areas/operations of the facility, including safety, security, order, inmate care, programs, justice, and institution (American Correctional Association, n.d.). qualifying through these types of runes can be very beneficial to a corrections officers development. Going through these procedures, the experience will assist them in keeping and maintaining a passe-partout outlook in any situation. Correctional facilities are fit out with officers who are trained to not and keep eitherbody safe in the environment, but to maintain security and order at all times. These officers pick up to be professional just as anybody else would in any touch within a job.Their development lies in improving their thought process and their skill at the job when necessary and changes occur almost every day. Industry leaders can make good changes when hiring corrections officers. A good way simply being when hiring staff, there is no border for illegal activities. Making improvements in their training programs, if need be. In sum to those, upgrading the facility with better(p) measures as far as security. All of the things cover when being audited can make a difference to planning for better future outcomes. Prisons for some time have been dealing with not only major financial situations in local, state, and federal governments, but overcrowding as headspring is a huge concern.Privatization as it refers to prisons is to both the takeover of existing semipublic facilities by private operators, and to the building and operation of new and additional prisons by for-profit prison companies (Cheung, 2004). Due to the rising in state and federal creation it is a concern to consider the all-around costs of incarceration, operation and management. It seems as though state and federal prisons have more of a professional practice, whereas a private institution m ight suffer because of demands, rising costs, conditions (depending on location), etc

A Short History and Summary of the Current Conditions in Chile and Its Geographical Situation Essay

chilli pepper is a state situated on the west coast of South America. It is also know as The Republic of chili. The size of chilli is 289,112 square miles with a largeness of less than 100 miles. It is basically a little larger than Texas. chili con carne is divided into three main parts, mainland and two territorial islands named Isla Sala y Gomez and Easter. Chile has an interesting history and it has seen many ups and downs in its scotch development (Hudson, 1994). A description of the history of the twentieth vitamin C of Chile and its current stinting and semipolitical government agency is presented below.The history of the 20th century of Chile is in the first place focused on its entrance to the parliamentary system and thus it aphorism the changes in its political place. In the beginning of the 20th century, Chile was shelter despite of having lesser magnate in the hands of chairpersons. During this time, congress selected the hot seat for the bucolic. The p residents of this century mainly complicates German Riesco Errazuriz, Pedro Montt, Ramon Barros Luco, and Juan Luis Sanfuentes. During the 1920s, there was an increasing gap among the middle class and lower class of society (Bizzarro, 1987).Due to this gap, the quite a little were dissatisfied and they called a newfound leader, Arturo Alessandri Palma, who brought the system of alternative for the selection of president. He brought other changes as well such as compulsory principal(a) education and separation between the church and state. After a few months service of Alessandri, Carlos Ibanez came into proponent and promoted public works and industry however, he is cognize as a military dictator. Electoral Democracy was there during the years of 1931 to 1971 in Chile. After a period of uncertainty in Chile, Alessandri came into power again.Alessandri ruled Chile almost like a dictator and restored the power of Constitution of 1925. Considering the presidency elections of 19 58, it is found that there were three candidates and all were from contrastive types of people. They were conservative, Christian Democrat, and Socialist (Zanartu, & Kennedy, 1969). Jorge Alessandri Rodriguez won the election of 1858 and maintained a still situation in Chile. Alessandri was sensible and with his ability to maintain the scotch and political situation, he put a halt to the inflation in Chile thus, contributed in the frugal development of the nation.In 1964, Frei defeated Allende again. Frei was a Christian Democrat and took control over the copper industry of Chile. In the succeeding(prenominal) elections, Allende came into power with his socialist view. Allende was the first elected Marxist in Chile. Allende brought new policies and changed the existing policies such as, he finished the nationalization of the copper firms of the fall in States, nationalized banks, and sped up land distribution in the acres. Some leaders in Chile were against the socialists pro grams of Allende. In 1973, with the help of the U.S. , a military coup ousted Allende (after which he committed suicide).After Allende, Pinochet ruled untill 1990. He was mainly focused on privatization and returned the banks, factories and lands to the private owners, and put unyielding economic and social direct on the people of Chile (Weil, 1969). Overall, it can be said that Chile aphorism many different leaders in the history of the 20th century and developed in many directions. Current economic and political situation of Chile is described below in the paper. The Economic SituationDuring the 1970s Chile saw the economic growth, but in the next go it experienced recession. Pinochet was the president of Chile and he put some strict economic conditions on Chileans. Looking at the current economic condition of Chile, it can be said that it is a growing and prosperous economy. The government of Chile has a played an important role in the economic development of Chile. Peso is the official currency of the country. The government has intervened many time in the financial market of Chile to control the economic situation of the nation and promoted the social spending (Loveman, 1988).According to the current economic condition, the summarize GDP of Chile is U. S. $ 268. 3 billion and its GDP growth is 5%. Inflation in the country is 4 to 5% and its main industries include copper, iron, lithium, fish processing, foodstuffs, wood and woods products, cement, textile, etc. (Thomas White International, 2013). It is already discussed above that culture and history of Chile has affected the economic development of the country many times and its reflection can be seen in the economic system of Chile.Chile has seen both growth and recession (with the different economic treatments of its presidents) It is currently able to manage a decrease in the conflicting debt and open for the foreign investment. The Current Political Situation The current political system of Chile is also stable. It is nation with multiparty. The country has three differentiatees of executive, legislative, and judiciary. The cxecutive branch selects the president for the country and the legislative branch has two houses named Chamber of Deputies and Senate. The irresponsible Court and other lower courts come under the judiciary system. in that respect are many political parties involved in the Chilean political relation and they are trying to maintain the social and economic condition of the country (Kelleher & Klein, 2011). Analysis and Conclusions Concluding the paper it can be said that Chile has now become an important part of the global economy with its growing industries. Due to many changes in its political atmosphere in the 20th century, Chile faced many challenges in its economic development as it saw growth as well as recession. In 1990, the representative government was again brought into Chile. A Christian democrat Eduardo Frei won the election in 1993. Currently, the condition of Chile is stable. Chile is facing some challenges in its development of having some problems between the military and the government. Also, there is a stamp in the people of Chile that the income inequality is getting worse. Apart from the economic problems, the people of Chile are facing the problems of natural disaster. A annihilative earthquake has affected the economic condition of Chilean. The newly elected president of Chile, Sebastian Pinera, is trying to control the challenges that the country is facing (Cynthia & Crabtree, 2010).

Nestle-Marketing Oriented Company

draw near was founded in 1866 by Henri cuddle and is today the worlds biggest provender and beverage company. Henri approach developed the first infant food in 1867 to save the life of a friends baby who could non be breastfed. (this is a combination of cows milk, wheat dredge and sugar). Since then, the company has looked to build on a tradition of providing nutritious overlaps. The come on Group invests slightly 1. 5 one thousand millions swiss franc in R&D e real year. Its more than any other food company. all day Nestle sells over a billion products. These individual consumer legal proceeding give the Company total nnual sales of more than 90 billion swiss francs Nestle markets its products in 130 countries across the world. Nestle manufactures some 10,000 antithetic products and employs some 250,000 people A marketing orientated cash advance means a business reacts to what customers want. The decisions taken are based around information ab bring out customers nee ds and wants, rather than what the business thinks is right for the customer. just about successful businesses take a market-orientated approach Since then, the company has looked to build on a tradition of providing nutritious products.It builds its business around -discovering what customers want -identifying pressures for modification e. g. government campaigns, health education initiatives -responding to changes in the market place. Nestle concentrates on their consumers and tries to understand their physical and emotional desires. They hit a wide vomit of products and consumed by all age groups. Nestle generate to understand the economic, geographic and social factors which affects the diets of the consumers and try to concentrate on the nutritional and health nourish of the products.Example Nestle have used their investigate and technological expertise to their methamphetamine hydrochloride cream products to reduce their calories but too keep the same taste. They have also introduced sugar free products and lower sugar products like getup Kat Light. Nestle also try to understand the motivations, decision make and purchasing habits of the customers by spending time with the people. Example Nestle employees pass three days living with people in suburbs of Lima in PERU to understand their everyday aspects of their life, and based on their understanding they sold germane(predicate) products in the topical anesthetic markets.A market led company like Nestle is continually monitoring customer attitudes and requirements through with(predicate) market research. This research takes ii main forms Qualitative research. This involves setting up small focus groups of consumers who enunciate their ideas and opinions about their needs and views on different products. Quantitative research. Whereas qualitative research involves only relatively few people, quantitative research involves much bigger numbers. For example, professional market researchers ma y interview thousands of people through postal or telephone interviewing.Nestle regularly uses both forms of research to gain a clear idea of consumer opinions and trends. Market research helps the company to keep in touch with an ever changing environment in which social attitudes and get patterns are continually shifting. The Companys strategy is guided by several rudimentary principles. Nestles existing products grow through innovation and renovation while maintaining a balance in geographic activities and product lines. Long-term potential is neer sacrificed for short-term performance.The Companys priority is to bring the best and most relevant products to people, wheresoever they are, whatever their needs, throughout their lives. Nestle is committed to the following Business objectives in all countries, taking into account local legislation, cultural and religious practices Nestle continues to maintain its commitment to follow and respect all applicable local laws in each of its markets. Analysis of Market Analyzing the market means get the information about the current market trends. There are different ways, which are adopted by Nestle to get the information of the market.By gross sales Department Sales department is a primary source of getting the information about the market. They actually visit the market and find out that who are the competitors, and what strategies they are adopting. Customer Service Department For Every product there is customer service department.. Nestle knows that regular contact with their consumers is very important. This is why Nestle have a worldwide Nestle Consumer run network Nestle cares for its consumers because its success depends on meeting their needs and expectations.Through earshot and understanding, it can make products that they will want to use all through their lives. Research and Development Department The nestle Research and Development learning ability office is in Switzerland. The customer complaint s are forward to the R where research is conducted. Suppliers and distributors To know about the market Nestle has established the close race with their suppliers who provide the raw materials. Conclusion Nestle is one of the worlds leading food companies. Its commitment to high quality market research ensures that it remains to the full aware of changes in consumer behaviour and consumer tastes.Its excellent product research and ontogeny network ensures that it is well placed to meet the challenge of changes in consumer expectations. The companys health strategy is carefully geared to delivering to customers what they want in relation to the foods they eat. thusly its clear that Nestle is a Market Oriented company because they try to understand the customer or market needs and produce products wherefore to achieve the organizations goals. And they believe that people are the main strength of the company.

Google Business Strategies Essay

Executive SummaryThis report provides an analysis of Googles maturement of natural strategical resources, dynamic capabilities and core managency, Analysis of susceptibility test, Googles arguency foundation to compete in shopping connect searches and the haughty disturbs of Googles competencies towards its headache theoretical account. Moreover, this report provides recomm destinationations that Google argon effectively equal to utilise. basisGoogle, a provider of multiple products and services, with the mission to organise the realisms teaching and contrive it universally accessible and useful, is the number virtuoso web search engine. Additionally, Google has an old online shopping service site whose rivals include amazon and eBay (Newth, F 2012). However, recently, in 2012, Google announced its adaption of a modern remunerative model, where retailers were now starting to get charged. Moreover, the bases discussed by means of turn up the report go out be ground ed in Googles competency test, and its impact towards Google subscriber line model (Newth, F 2012). Googles pausement of new strategicresources, dynamic capabilities and core competency Googles recent change of passing on costs, a fee, to online retailers who display their products on the Google online shopping site (Hartwig, J. I 2012), go forth require Google to develop new strategic resources, dynamic capabilities and a core competency.Firstly, developing new strategic resources to work aside Googles new paid model (Hartwig, J. I 2012), willing mean that Google will exigency to improvise on pedagogy Google employees currently working in the Google online shopping sector, to adapt to the new changes bookly, through being educationally mentored on new policies, procedures and most all important(p)ly, advancing this new process in a sustainable dash (Sullivan, J 2007). abject on to the development of dynamic capabilities, here, Google will call for to effectively make cha nges towards the confederacys internal and external validational skills, resources and functional competences moreover, reviewing the callers strengths, as a result of adapting to the new change(Newth, F 2012), that is, the re localization of Googles online shopping paid model.This is a crucial change to develop, as vice president of product management for Google shopping, Sameer Samat, explained that byrepositioning to an all-paid model will increase further trustworthy data(Sullivan, D 2012) , whence, it will greater improve the shopping search experience for its nodes. Additionally, Googles core competencies founder already created various warring advantages for the confederacy, and as a result, Google will need to review their most valuable war uniform advantage, and put emphasis on those advantages they have over otherwise alike(p) companies, such as Amazon who provides an online shopping service (Sullivan, D 2012).Analysis of competency testReferring to attachmen t 1, a competency test of Google was completed, and is now going to be further analysed. Additionally, the competency test as completed was based near three of Googles strategic bestowitions, that is, their employees, Googles steadfast post scream and their loyal node base. It should in any case be noted that the analysis for the business model impact will be discussed further in the report. The archetypical strategic asset discussed is Googles experience and knowledgeable employees. Google is the number integrity best keep corporation to work for in America, as voted by the orders very own employees (Sullivan, J 2007). on board this, Google acknowledges its employees by crack employees everything they need to get them commissioned on specific aspects such as creativity and purpose. Google as well as focuses on helping their employees have the correct information and resources in regards to their work (Sullivan, J 2007).Moving on, whilst providing to the employees work inevitably in every way possible, Googles unique employees argon also provided with majuscule people management practices, as a result of the companys use of the people analytics approach. Google training efforts arent the usual handed-down tactics applied, Googles development efforts are decentralized meaning Google employees constitute self order learning (Sullivan, J 2007). A pine with self directed learning employees also demonstrate, dogging learning and development, and adapting to changes when needed, are key features that set up be direct parallel to the core employee competencies at Google (Sullivan, J 2013). Moreover, when undergoing a VIRO test, to assess whether or not Googles employee dynamic capabilities net become a competency, as presented, Google employees pose three of the four characteristics valuable, organisation and rare.These characteristics are related to the employees competencies, as here, themain employees competencies include, information and gathering, where employees are able to locate and collect data from a variety of sources, whilst also analysing the data in order to prepare it into meaningful reports (Sullivan, J 2013). another(prenominal)(prenominal) competency is business perspective, whereby employees use an understanding of the companys issues, processes and outcomes in order to elicit Googles overall business performance. Additionally, Google employees manage important resources such as financial information, in order to achieve hapless and ample term goals (Sullivan, J 2007). Moving on, the next strategic asset is Googles impregnable brand name. Googles brand name is unmatchable of the most recognised brand names globally, and is one of the leaders in internet brands. In 2010, Google for the fourth time was presented as 2010s world valuable global brand, close to major competitors such as Microsoft (Interbrand, 2010).Alongside Googles signifi burnt brand image, Googles strong root word base, another d ynamic cap force, is the base for providing new and advanced innovative products and services to end users that is consumers (McDermott, T). Here, the company brand name plays a rather bountiful reference to add to Googles strong brand name, as the strong infrastructure base allows Googles new innovative products to gain a matched advantage, hence keep its strong brand name visible(McDermott, T) . Moreover, like Googles employees, the companys strong brand name lies within similar VIRO test characteristics, such as , Valuable, rare and Imitability. Alongside these characteristics, Googles strong brand name competencies as presented in table one, have accustomed Google the hazard to enter in a wide variety of markets, and has produced a competitive advantage, as well as, making Google profitable for the company in twain short and long call(Tsai, M 2011).Additionally the last strategic asset for Google is loyal customer base. Googles dynamic capabilities in this case, refers to the companys strong customers based brand equity and Googles ability to create outstanding customer cheer. Starting with customer based brand equity, here Google utilises its customer brand loyalty which is attached to many benefits for the company such as greater brand loyalty from users and an increase in Google usage (Bhasin, K 2011), just to name a few. Here, Google is able to ascertain for increased price premiums and receive additional trade cooperation and support. To add, customer value and customer brand relationships are the foundation of Googles brandresonance, for instance, Googles search advertising has created a wear out fit between brush potential customers needs and the relevant advisement. Hence focusing on these attributes has allowed Google to add these as one of their strengths towards the overall company (T. Y. Chan, C. Wu, Y. Xie 2011).Furthermore, Googles loyal customer base VIRO test characteristics as presented in table one, makes Googles susceptibility a true competency. In regards to this, the main reason it could be gaunt upon that Google has a loyal customer base is through its ratings (Bhasin, K 2011). This can be seen through Google standing out as one of the take place search engine for users, hence the reason for such a large customer base, whilst beating Bing and Yahoo, other competitors in the same category (Bhasin, K 2011). Googles competency foundation to compete in shopping related searches An analysis of the competency test derives favourable outcomes for Google to more effectively compete in shopping related searches. Considering the fact that Google already has a extremely established reputation, it sets itself as the most used search engine for users, hence allowing Google to better compete in online shopping (Bhasin, K 2011).Googles high up consumer awareness, strong market position and core employee competencies further contribute to their competitive advantages, resulting in a higher chance of shopping-rela ted searches. Referring to Googles online shopping novelty to an all paid model, Google believes that by having a paid relationship, it can better ensure the quality of what it lists in Google shopping (Sullivan, D 2012). To add, Google also believes that it will provide more trustworthy information, which improves the shopping online search experience for both retailers and customers (Sullivan, D 2012). Overall, Google has the ability to utilise its competencies and competitive advantages in providing users with more out of their search engine, by working on making it easier for users to search and equality products whilst shopping online. In addition, by assisting shoppers to locate the best deals, theyre able to increase traffic to retailers in order for shoppers to easily find their sites (Sullivan, D 2012).The positive impacts of Googles competencies towards its business model Furthermore, as mentioned above, Google has the proper competency base to effectively compete in shop ping related searches. As Google has the propermechanisms and competencies to compete, it brings alongside it positive impacts towards Googles business model. The positive impact of employee competencies at Google, include the positive attributes Google employees pose such as strategically working on intrinsic challenges on a day-to-day bases, effectively gathering and processing appropriate information to further enhance Googles culture of innovation , having a rather unique business perspective and resource management have greatly impacted the companys business model (Sullivan, J 2007).Moreover, Googles strong focus on human capital and retention (Sullivan, J 2007), overtime, has given employees the opportunity to make a positive business impact towards the companys overall business model, such as their ability to execute their yarn-dye into online shopping, whilst competing with other large online shopping companied such as EBay and Amazon. Moving along, like Google employees, the companys strong brand name also has a positive impact towards Googles business model, as Googles strong market position allows Google to be innovative with its offering products and services, which in the long term adds value for the company, through increased sales (T. Y. Chan, C. Wu, Y. Xie 2011).Googles outstanding actualisation, through high consumer awareness, allows the company for more opportunities to seek, such as dormant being an effective competitor in the online shopping sector, though introductory changes were put into place (Sullivan, D 2012). Overall, Googles strong brand names, and its competitive advantages such as the competencies as mentioned above, play an important role in positively impacting the companys business model. Similarly, like competencies from knowledgeable and experienced employees, and the companys strong brand name, Googles loyal customer base also has a positive impact.Googles recognition as the top search engine for online users (Interbra nd, 2010) gives Google the opportunity for expansion, as its built customer base are more likely to become a continuous user of Googles product lines and services, if they are able to be flop executed, such as Googles online shopping changes, that even though in that respect were surmises (Morphy, E 2014), once placed into action, it was a more effective way for users to and retailers to sell and buy products. Whilst creating value from Googles loyal base, in the long term, this largely impacts Googles overall companys business model, as this competency has created a competitive advantage (T. Y. Chan, C. Wu, Y. Xie2011) that even though other search engine companys may be successful, Google is understood deemed as the most popular and most chosen by its users.RecommendationsPresented, are recommendations Google should effectively consider and utilise in order to stay competent, allude to its consumers need and moreover keep an overall positive impact towards the companys busine ss model. Google is grounded in its culture of innovation however, with the increase of competition, Google will need to overcome this challenge. In order to preserve its culture of innovation as they grow, it is highly recommended that Google overlooks its employees competencies and re adjust some aspects, so employees are able to effectively execute any task given, in order to keep Googles innovations unique, and superior (Morphy, E 2014). Google should utilise appropriate dynamic processes that result in capabilities that adds to the strength of the company, in order to develop strong and positive competencies that support Googles unique business model. In turn, this will result in a competitive advantage that Google will be able to override its competitors.Moving along, in order to compete with competitors in the online shopping sector, such as Amazon and eBay, Google will need to effectively build onto its dynamic capabilities, by critically reviewing the strengths of their str ategic assets, such as Googles strong name (McDermott, T). This can be make through promotional strategies and the correct use of their enormous brand recognition in order to allow Google to make smart investments in terms of their retail efforts. Moreover, in regards to the Google online shopping site, in order to terminate speculation (Owen, V 2013) with Googles customer base, Google should provide search results that are in the best interest of consumers shopping online, not provide customised search results that except work in the best interest of retailers and advertisers.ConclusionIn conclusion, it is clear that Google has positive competencies to contribute to the companys business model, as a result of Googles strategic assets, dynamic capabilities and its competitive advantages. Moreover, this has allowed Google to maintain its strengths, whilst allowing for greater opportunities for growth and expansion.ReferencesBhasin, K 2011, The 20 Brands -The Most Loyal Customers, Viewed 24th shew 2014, http//www.businessinsider.com.au/brand-loyalty-customers-2011-9?op=1 .Hartwig, J. I 2012, Google Shopping Preparing for Paid Listings Viewed 5th April 2014, .Interbrand 2010, Interbrand Releases 11th yearly Ranking Of The 100 Best Global Brands, viewed 20th March 2014, McDermott, T, 2004, delineate Google, Viewed 18 March 2014, . Morphy, E 2014, Google merchantman Handle Data, But Can It Handle Actual Shoppers?, Viewed 28th March 2014, Newth, F 2012 Strategic oversight and Business Models A Modular Approach, Business Expert Press, inaugural edition, pp.80.Owen, V 2013, Sellers Hit By Google Chargers, Daily Mail, United Kingdom. Sullivan, D 2012, Google crossing Search to Become Google Shopping, Use Pay-To-Play Model Viewed 20th March 2014, Sullivan, J 2007, Google, Journal of Workforce Management, vol.86, issue 20, pp.42. Sullivan, J 2013, How Google Is Using People Analytics to whole Reinvent HR, Viewed on March 25th 2014, http//www.tlnt.com/2013/02 /26/how-google-is-using-people-analytics-to-completely-reinvent-hr/ . T. Y. Chan, C. Wu, Y. Xie 2011, quantity the Lifetime Value of Customers Acquired from Google Search Advertising Marketing Science, vol.30, issue 5, pp.837-850. Tsai, M 2011, A Grounded Theory Study On The Business Model structure Of Google, International Journal Of Electronic Business Management, vol.9, issue 3, pp.231-242.

Restate Nuware’s Essay

1.) Restate Nuw bes 2013 earnings as if the come with had used the same accounting methods and assumptions as R.P. Stuart. Your answer should focus on, hardly not necessarily be limited to, Nuwares accounting for investments, receivables, inventory, and PP&E.From the discussions in Nuwares notes and the comparison with RP.Stuarts financial statement, we noticed that there are several different accounting policies being adopted, including receivables, inventory, advertisement cost and PP&E. Moreover, it seems that Nuware is development gains on investment to manipulate total income. Therefore, we made some allowance account to make the comparison between Nuware and R.P Stuart more(prenominal) reliable. For instance, we assumed the same admit/receivable ratios of these two companies to avoid potential offensive revenue credit entry by Nuwares way (see Appendix). However, there is not enough knowledge to make adjustment on PP&E depreciations.Then we can compare the performanc e of these two companies in 2013 (as shown below). However, we cannot get find enough culture to make a comprehensive adjustment on 2012 data (in particular, we adoptt have the estimation on 2011 inventory using first in first out method). As a result, we cannot calculate the growth rate of EPS precisely here.2.) respect the financial performance of Nuware versus R.P. Stuart. Nuware and R.P. Stuart are in the same industry and portion virtually identical business model, which make them comparable. Before adjustment, Nuware showed a often better financial performance than that of R.P Stuart regards to net income, gross profit margin, fall back on asset & equity, and EPS growth etc. After making needed adjustment, we found that Nuware still outperforms R.P.Stuart, but with a smaller margin. The real net income is only 71% of the original figure, which subsequently lowered the return on assets and equity. But due to the higher leverage ratio, Nuwares return on equity is still 2 x that of R.P.Stuart (originally 3x). However, what worries us most is the combination of a blackball earnings growth and slower trades growth.Using these criteria, Nuware is not lashing the industry (actually performed worse than R.P Stuart in terms of sales growth in 20131).3.) Would you characterize the accounting discretion applied by Nuwares management as aggressive? Why or why not?Nuwares Management accounting discretion can be seen as aggressive for several reasons 1. They artificially lower the allowance of account receivable to rising income and gross margin. Moreover, when estimating reserves, percentage of sales method is less accurate than the diminutive monthly review method adopted by R.P Stuarts. 2. Compared to R.P. Stuart, LIFO trim down the tax and LIFO liquidation in year 2013 resulting in artificially high net income as well. 3. The recognition of unrealized gains for available for sale investment assets also contributed to the higher net income, which shou ld be considered separately from income from its plaza business. 4. There might be some aggressive assumptions when depreciating PP&E, which deserves more detailed analysis.

Cloud computing Essay

1. How does Salesforce.com use cloud computing? Salesforce.com provides customer relationship attention and other computer software applications using the software-as-a- function occupation model over the Internet. vitiate computing, to a fault known as on-demand computing, eliminates the need for a railway line to nettle large up-front computer hardware and software investments and slews the time to utilize modern programs. Subscribers to Salesforce.com begettert have to purchase or maintain any hardware (albeit personal computing devices) nor do they have to install any specific operating systems, database servers, or application servers.Other than the monthly user subscription fee, businesses reduce their licensing and maintenance fees. Users access the Salesforce.com cloud through a standard sack up browser or a mobile handheld device. Businesses using the Salesforce.coms cloud have an easier time scaling their system as they attach or decrease their workforce they adjust the number of subscriptions to the cloud. Salesforce.com offers some customization of its software so a business can adjust the software to alone(predicate) business processes. It offers three types of clouds Sales cloud, helping cloud, and the custom cloud. The sales and service clouds help businesses improve sales and customer service. The custom cloud provides a venue for customers to develop their own applications for use within the broader Salesforce network.2. What are some of the challenges facing Salesforce as it continues its growth? How well will it be adequate to meet those challenges? Salesforce.com faces the challenge of increased competition from traditional software methods and new services from current companies that try to replicate Salesforce.coms business model. It also faces the challenge of expanding its services into other areas that allow business users to complete much necessary tasks. It is uncertain whether Salesforce.com will be able to meet th e challenges. By implementing new, beneficial services that other CRM products do not offer, Salesforce.com can subjugate the competition from leading service providers. Because Salesforce.com is partnered with Google, the implementation of new services, such as Gmail, Google Docs, Google Talk, and Google Calendar will be easy and cost-effective.3. What kinds of businesses could benefit from switching to Salesforce and wherefore? Agricultural, construction, manufacturing, retail, information, and real estate businesses could all benefit from switching to Salesforce. Each of these business types requires a method for keeping records of sales and handling sales information. every of the sales information could be stored in one place, Salesforce.com, and be managed by any authorized business employee.4. What factors would you take into account in decision making whether to use Salesforce.com for your business? I would mainly consider the fact that contract the use of software, rat her than purchasing a tangible reproduction, would save my business a significant amount of funds. The installation of software and the installation/ pattern of hardware would be unnecessary, which would also decrease the amount of time to implement the software into the business. With Salesforce.com, the implementation time can be as micro as a few days, unlike purchasing a copy of the product, which can take months. I would also consider the possibility of service outages and whether they would drastically affect the performance of my business.5. Could a company strike its completed business using Salesforce.com and App Exchange? Explain your answer. A company could run its entire business using the combination of Salesforce.com and App Exchange. Salesforce.com supports applications or pass on-ons that are surefooted of the following functions Sales, Marketing, Manufacturing, Finance and Administration, Human Resources. The latter functions are the necessities to run a busin ess. App Exchange also allows functions like IT Management and Partner Relationship Management. These functions add to the list of services that are necessary or beneficial to discharge a business

Outline of the Hobbit Essay

I. Christian symbolization has al rooms been a way for a source to express his apparitional belief in his writings. A. Catholicism was very prestigious in Tolkiens metre period and in writing the Hobbit brought umpteen of his biblical perspectives to light. B. Tolkiens The Hobbit, through Bilbos adventure, symbolical eithery shows the life of messiah Christ. 1. Thorin travels with 12 dwarves just as de kick the bucketry boy travels with 12 disciples. 2. Gandalf rear end be seen as an angel or the Holy lifespan loath both(prenominal)nessce he guides Bilbos journey and attend tos in condemnations of need.3. Bilbo can be seen as the Christian.C. Christian symbolisation is plainly noniced after b bely reading in the harbour so it becomes very easy to see what Tolkien has placed betwixt the lines. II. In writing the Hobbit, Tolkien claims that the Christian symbolisation was at first unknowing and later became the focal point of his book. D. This shows how a writers beli efs get out(p) leak into his writings whether he may want it to or not.4. the undischarged unwashed should be careful and get to know who the author of a book is if they want to be aware of what might be being said. 5. 1s religious belief go out be evident if he is loyal to it. E. Tolkien says himself, The Lord of the sound is of course a funda workforcetally religious and Catholic work unconsciously so at first, merely consciously in the revision.. The religious element is absorbed in the story and the symbolism (Miller 44). 6. Tolkiens beliefs spilled into his writings and he noticed this and capitalized on it.7. Although Tolkien is referring to his Lord of the Rings trilogy, it is unmistakable that it was also the case in The Hobbit. F. In The Hobbit, Bilbo has to face his idolatrys and gradation out of the comfort of his home, the shire, to overcome the problems in that are in the sure world. G. Bilbo is a small reserved hobbit not heroic at all yet is the hero of the story and realizes his strengths and weaknesses along the way. 8. By creating Bilbo with these traits he is verbalism that it doesnt take a strong, brawny, and brave champion to save the day.9. Bilbo can represent a Christians walk or rescuer life on earth a. Bilbo as a Christian call fors help from the Holy Spirit in the radiation diagram of Gandalf and fellow Christians in the form of dwarves who accompany him on his road to salvation and must bastinado his sin in the form of a calculus and reclaim the stolen treasure. b. Bilbo as deliverer is accompanied with his disciples in the form of dwarves and God in the form of Gandalf to defeat friction match in the form of a dragon and reclaim what he stole.III. Characters in the Hobbit without doubt represent biblical beings such as the goblins being demons and the eagles being angels. H. The goblins are described to be very hideous and worthless creatures that fear the eagles and last in the mountains to hide from the eagles and do wicked. 10. Demons fit to the discussion are like goblins in almost every way since they are both very evil and twisted. 11. Demons, however, do not necessarily dwell in the mountains. I. The eagles are described to be very heroic and sound and hate the goblins for their schemes and enjoy destroying their evil plots and driving them back in the mountains. 12. Angels according to the Bible are like the eagles in almost every way since they do good and fight against evil.13. Angels, however, do not necessarily live on peaks or in nests. J. Gollum with his double personality and evil constitution is a very good example of a demon possess person according to the Bible. 14. And many a(prenominal) of them said, He hath a displease, and is mad wherefore hear ye him? (KJV, John 10.20) explains how a man possessed with a devil is cast out from society like Gollum. 15. Gollum lingers in the dark in solitude like they are evil. K. The character Beorn is very powerful and pretty mysterious and quits the company to stay at his place for a time till they are ready to travel again possibly symbolic to a prophet since Gandalf had to manipulate him to show compassion and since his beastly shift does not seem like a Godly characteristic.L. Tolkiens tenseness of good and bad in the Hobbit is very clear unlike some books where there seems to be some shades of grey there is lone(prenominal) black and white according to Tolkien those who worry to do evil and those who wish to do good and strive for peace. IV. The Bible lines up with the Hobbit in many ways, more ways than noticed at first which Tolkien perhaps meant to be. M. Jesus was tempted by the devil in the desert alone by Satan and Bilbo was tested by Gollum. 16. Then was Jesus led up of the Spirit into the wilderness to be tempted of the devil. (Matthew 4.1) 17. Bilbo was blessed with the ring after his encounter with Gollum which helped him and his companions out of multiple outcomes. N.When Bilbo and the dwarves are caught by spiders in the Mirkwood forest it is a exit of falling into temptation of the magical feasts in the forest that Beorn and Gandalf had warned them to stay by from. 18. Watch and pray, that ye enter not into temptation the spirit indeed is willing, but the flesh is weak (Matthew 26. 41). c. According to this verse God will allow us to be tempted but we must resist. d. The verse also tells us that our flesh is weak and the will of our spirit must be stronger than the will of our flesh if we wish to pass temptation. 19. The spiders try to eat the dwarves and can be easily portrayed as an evil since many people fear spiders and are common pests.O. The elves in Mirkwood are very untrusting and cautious of foreigners especially of dwarves so when they catch Thorin he is almost immediately hurled into their prison. 20. The elves of Mirkwood are unlike the high elves that the company meets earlier in the book. e. The Mirkwood elves are more aloof and stronger tha n the high elves. f. The high elves are wiser and are willing to share with outsiders and not isolate themselves as much. 21. The Mirkwood elves and the high elves share displeasure in dwarves.P. The Mirkwood elves do not easily show any Christian symbolism other than providing punishment for Bilbo and the dwarves for falling into temptation. Q. The lake-town Esgaroth in the Hobbit is a city of men who have in the past been driven out by the dragon and will have to fight the dragon yet again this time defeating it. 22. Thorin seemed good and noble as a first impression and not showing signs of mischief but turned out to cause great trouble for the peaceful town that had treated him and his company kindly.23. The lake-town people receive bountiful treasure flowing through the river from the mountain after defeating the ripened dragon, Smaug. V. The Hobbit came out as a childrens book, a harmless nance tale with elves and dwarves, but actually having strong and significant Christia n symbolism intertwined in the plot. R. Hopefully by doing such a thing Tolkien demand many into understanding some of the knowledge the Bible has to offer. S. Christians reading the Hobbit lots catch on to the symbolism and grant Tolkien with praise for his actions.

3D printing revolution in fashion industry

AD Printing Revolution in Fashion Industry Last week, I went to London Science museum, on that point was an exhibition of AD notion showing the completely new plan of air in the coming 20 years. AD printing has been ontogenesis rapidly, now it is way more than printing plastic. It prints something that I heapnot even moot structural thing like house, complicated thing like gun, coarse thing like r atomic number 18 plane and guess what, lively tissue. As AD printing becomes more mainstream, its applications be broadening (Rachel 2013).It started to hit the furl of fashion, besides AD printed handbags, dresses, we can see AD printed high- heel fit out and bikinis in the latest fashion shows. As Stephanie (2014) menti matchlessd, the mix of apparel and engine room shows the innovative soul of fashion, the future of fashion is truly tricked out with AD printing engineering science. As this evolution continues we can expect to see a AD printing revolution in our fashion indust ry. In the spare-time activity sections, this essay is going to illustrate the revolution in work, turn in train and design aspects.Beginning with the first step of manufacture, production method in fashion field give e tot in ally changed. According to some researches, 10% of all consumer products by the year 2025 go away be made by the AD process. Richard (2013) discussed that since applications of the applied science spread and tolls decrease, more products get out be manufacture at their location of purchase or consumption. Indeed, consumers entrust be printing their own clothing by 2020, fit to inventor and futurist scape Skuzzier (Tanya 2013). This implies that new household-level production pass on emerge.On top of it, production will no drawn-out includes labor force, capital, natural resources, UT only the printing machines, stark materials and programs which lead a huge reform. Based on the change of production method, the supply kitchen range will eventual ly be modified. The world will transform from a macro-manufactured supply chain to a micro-manufactured supply chain or what is known as distributed manufacturing (Nick 2014). Whereas cars today are made by Just a few hundred factories around the world, they might one day be made in every metropolitan area.The supply chain is going to be shortened as only machines and programs are involved, the whole supply chain may even only surface in our home. As the supply chain will undergo a makeover, certain categories of business will be eliminated. Countries will rather do domestic production than import since production will no overnight require so much labors and places, shipping, delivery and inventory service will then go downhill. Before, the Internet technology has already overturned some(prenominal) traditional business models, so now the AD printing technology is going to revolute the fashion industry into a new era.Nature of design will be adjusted repayable the altered produc ing methods. Customization of goods is more significant due to maker can simply adjust the aerogramme (Richard 2013). As AD printing can solve some practicable problems of creative products, so it actually encourages the creativity in meeting individuals need. The Job of designer will change as they have to know well about technology and design the products with programmer, or even, everyone can become a designer.What Rachel (2013) mentioned is this kind of cross of fashion and technology can give everyone access to creativity. People will be designing clothes for themselves which they know their size and style the best, so they can create personalized clothing. If you do not want to throw off time on making your own AD printing programmer, you can simply buy it online as what we are doing for music file, consumers would pay a fee to download and print the renderings, Ideas may eventually never go sportswear, but simply sell the format to print Jersey and sneaker.Due to this, ex quisite competition between the brands will be stronger, millions of designers are compete to become a tremendous variety of objects. Some researchers start to doubt whether AD printing will be widely spread since customized products may be more expensive than traditional mass-produced goods, ND spend longer time as well (Ashley 2010). And actually, since the technology is improving and supply increased, according to the scale of economy, the price of machine and materials for printing are eventually dropping.CNN did an test in 2013 that compared buying 20 items like phone case, spoon carrier to the cost of printing them out directly. The result is, it took 25 hours to print all the objects and they saved up to $1926, depending on the quality of the comparable retail products. So we can definitely imagine all the time cost and price will be reducing by 2020. As what Nick (2014) pointed out, we are at the beginning of a revolution that will transform our golf-club in ways we cant even imagine.

Health and social care management Essay

INTRODUCTIONThis endeavor the author will be able to evaluate current system of ruless for managing finances Resources in health and brotherly c ar settings. Therefore will evaluate how financial Decisions are do and the pauperism to monitor ciphers. This will then enable the author to revenue the impact of financial considerations on an individual using health and genial charge portions.Furthermore will provide a core arrest of the range of systems available, and How these are apply in the planning and financial instruction of health and social fretfulness budgets. The unit further will come along understanding the importance of Monitoring budget disbursal and its influence on the provision of health and social disquiet operate.LO.11.1PRINCIPLE OF COSTING AND BUSINES CONTROL SYTEMS compend of current situation against budget and forecast, classification and coding, job priceing, Contract speak toing, authentic cost ascertainment,allocation/apportionmentCOSTING DEFINITION courting it describe as According official terminology the technique and procedure of ascertaining cost. These valuation systems including chief(prenominal) beliefs and system to determine the cost of goods or services. It excessively thequantity of allow used in replacement of goods or services. The income used can be financed or moneys value, Semi VariableSemi rigid damage hail Cost is an amount that has to be paid or given up in order to get something Cost unit of measurement The unit cost is the cost incurred by a company to rear, investment unfaltering and sell one unit of a particular harvest- prison term. Unit cost take on all fixed cost and all variant be A cost center is part of an organization that does not produce aspire profit and adds to the cost of Running a company. Examples of cost centers include Cost target Cost object is often a convergence or department for which cost is accumulated or measured. For example, a product is the cost object for direct materials, direct labor and manufacturing overhead also the factory nutrition department is cost object for the cost of the maintenance employees and the maintenance supplies. Cost benefit abstract Is A cost object is a tangible input for a product manufactured/service provided, like labor or material. For example a cloth manufacturing firm requires someBreak even analysisClassification of cost means, the pigeonholing of be according to their common characteristics. The important Cost behavior The mode a specific cost reacts to changes in activity levels is called cost behavior. be whitethorn stay the same or may change proportionatelyVariable Cost / Product CostVariable costs are the Fixed and Variable cost A cost is fixed if, inside a specified period of time, it does not change in solvent to changes in the level of activity. A variable cost is one that changes in response to changes in the level of activity, it changes in direct proportion to the masses of ac tivity, that is, doubling the level of activity will double the total variable cost total cost over a period of time for the variable inputs. Any increase in the volume of production results in an increase in the variable cost and vice versa. For example, of variable costs is the cost of raw material. Semi-Variable Cost / Semi-Fixed cost These costs are in part fixed and in part variable. For example repair cable car fees. Semi-variable cost includes both a fixed and a variable element. For example, a telephone bill contains a fixed standing charge anda variable charge based on the number of units dialled.A semi-fixed cost or stepped cost is one where the cost remains constant for a range of activity then when the activity increases still further the cost will take a step upward. Break-even Analysis is an expected percentage of most phone line plans, especially for start-up companies. It shows how much revenue you need to mask for both fixed and variable costs and cost benefit a nalysis are frequently used by health and social deal out formation to monitor cost and make finale about expenditures. Cost data are very useful in budget zeal and forecasting for the financial stratum, the Providers use cost data to manage services and improve operational efficiency. Cost data are also used to support the development of pricing and currency design for reimbursement purposes A direct cost is especially noticeable to a set cost object.A cost object is a product, procedure, section, or action for which the health establishment requirements to assess the cost, such(prenominal) as a medical test, a reverence appointment, or a health check process. Indirect costs cannot be traced to an agreed cost purpose not including resorting to some arbitrary mode of assignment. Hand, is directly involved in producing revenues, and, if it is managed well, its revenues exceed its cost and it produces a profit.The vi principles of be areStakeholder engagement Stakeholder enga gement is the process by which an organisation involves people who may be affected by the decision it makes or can influence the implementation of its decision Materiality is in accounting relates to the significance of transaction, balances and errors contained in financial statements. . Consistency For some costing purposes, a consistent approach is required across or within organizations. info accuracy, Accurate costing relies on the quality of the underlying input data. hydrofoil Costing should be transparent and auditableCausality and objectivityImportance of costingCosting help an organisation to manage is company to incur a cost with theexpectation of profit Example A company may have a variety of distinct departments,division,or in operation(p) groups, all(prenominal) with separate responsibilities and each contributing to the overall success of the company.cost centers,for example,such as accounting,auditing,or inventory fake,have costs,but does not grant revenues. A s a result, they do not produce profits.1.2 The information compulsory to manage financial imagerysIs to understand the role of planning in the precaution of health and social give care budgets also the importance of monitoring budget expenditure. Such as transparent and Accurate accounting Information, risk watchfulness, inadequate and long term Forecasts, audit report.Information1 Need is business costs, people, equipment, finance, buildings, consumable items, administration Income streams styluss and foreign influences, e.g. changes in policy, competitive factors, legal requirements.1.3Regulatory requirements decree and codes of practice, audit, accountability, policies. administrations sources of income, how budgets are set, administration of budgets, cost centers, accountabilities, Audit requirements Information business costs people, equipment, finance, buildings, consumable items, administration Income streams trends and external influenceschanges in policy, competit ive factors, legal requirements.1.4 System for managing financeIs a plan, assuring that resources are obtained and used effectively, efficiently in the accomplishment of the organizations goals. Therefore, it focuses on programs and responsibility center and it is a total encompasses of all aspects of a firms operation and commonly built around a financial and accounting structure need cardinal types of information for management assure planned date such as, budgets, standards, and projections) andactual data.Budgetary control systemCost control systemFinancial control systemInternal control and audit endeavour resource management systemIT control systemsImportance of business control systemLO2 ROLE OF PLANNING IN THE MANAGEMENT OF CARE tech BUDGETCare tech annual reportFinancial look backwardThe Group has repeated the good progress of recent years in 2013 The UK market Group has go along to be progressive and has made boost progress during the year. The underlying operating profit remains strong at 23.2m compared with 21.7m last year.Transaction on 28 August 2013 to acquire two property portfolio businesses, leading to an annual rent saving Of 4.4m.Income Statement2013 2012m m GrowthRevenue 114.3 114.1 0.2%Gross profit 45.6 45.3Administrative expenses (19.2) (20.4) cardinal EBITDA 26.4 24.9 6.0%Underlying EBITDA margin 23.1%, 21.8%Depreciation (3.1) (3.1)Share-based payment charge (0.1) (0.1)Underlying operating profit 23.2 21.7 6.9%Net financial expenses (5.7) (5.0)Underlying profit before tax 17.5 16.7Taxation (3.4) (3.4)Effective tax rate 20.0%, 20.0%Underlying profit for the year 14.1 13.3Weighted average number of diluted shares (millions) 51.3 50.4 Underlying diluted dough per share 27.43 26.47Full year dividend per share 7.00p 6.50pRevenueRevenue of 114.3m (2012 114.1m) was 0.2% higher(prenominal) than in 2012. In the established Adult Learning Disabilities segment we continued to experience high levels of occupancy2.1 Diverse sources of income 2.2 Factors that may influence the accessibility of financial resources 2.3 Types of budget expenditure2.4 Decisions about expenditureTASK 3 IMPORTANCE OF MONITORING BUDGET EXPENDITURE IN CARE technical school3.1 Managing financial shortfalls3.2 Financial boloney actions3.3 Budget monitoring arrangementsLO.4 INFLUENCE OF SYSTEMS AND PROCESSES ON CARE TECH SERVICES 4.1 Information required in fashioning financial decisionsDifferent types of information are needed by decision makers reckoning upon the stage of operation they are in. The decision involved can be Quantitative or qualitative. Judgments regarding movements in succeeding(a) share prices, likely future dividend payments and management efficiency. Ratios to determine management efficiency. Data to compare the market trend and future estimates.4.2 Relationship betwixt care service delivered and costs and expenditure 4.3 Impact of financial considerations on a service user4.4 astir(p) care services through changes in fi nancial systems and processesBottom of have.Of fraud.4 Understand how systems and processes for managing financial resources influence health and social Care services Financial decisions responsibility for decision making, information available, sources of income, prioritiesThe relationship between service delivery, costs and expenditure cost-benefit, pricing policies, purchasing Arrangements. Impact on individuals quality of service, access to service. Recommendations options available, supporting evidence, information to be presented for discussion by financial decision makers. Information about the business environment and external influences Good understanding Of the business cost by health care managers will aid the management of financial resources in health care organisation. The information includes Staff cost (Wages and salaries, Pension cost) Medical equipment and appliances cost (Hoist, Buckets, Buckets, Stretcher, Trolley, Wheelchair) Cost (Outright purchase or rental Operating or finance lease Cost of consumable items (Food, toiletries, Soap, Kerosene, lanternAdministrative cost and Professional fees The revenue (income) receives depend on the service and business engagement of the health organisation which includes modal(prenominal) business activities such as (Adult Learning Disabilities, Mental Health, Young pot Residential Services, Foster Care rents and service charges from social housing lettings and leasehold management revenue grant, tax support contribution.The Regulatory bodyThey are alot of regulatory required for satisfying while managing financial resources, but in this essay the author will mention a few such as, Care tech holding PLC in 2013 financial ending. Care Quality Commission,health care Sector Regulator Monitor, NHS Commissioning Board,1. Important to monitor to avoid fraud and eororWhat is Importance of costing in HSC1.2Intoduce by defining business control systemsIdentify and explain the different business controls sy stems in BULLETS (Budgetary control system, Cost control system, Financial control system, Internal control and audit, Enterprise resource management system, IT control systems) Conclude with the importance of business control systems.

“Bless Me, Ultima”: The Role of Parents Essay

The novel Bless Me, Ultima by Rudolfo Anaya shows the complexity and changeability of forgiving nature and destiny. The author reveals that in the process of maturation and development e rattling person is being influenced by parents, friends and acquaintances. Anaya tells a story of a youngish boy Antonio who is troubled of uncertainty of his destiny and parents influence on his life.Gabriel and female horse Merez are Antonios parents, but they have conflicting views towards the future of his child. Therefore, it is very difficult for Antonio to accept either mothers or obtains belief system. Antonios mother is very religious and she is utilize to Catholic Church. She teaches Antonio to follow Gods commandments, as well as to accept values and beliefs of the church. Moreover, she wants her son to become a priest following her Luna family traditions. Maria thinks that it is a sin to grow and she doesnt want Antonio to hire his own destiny. But the cheek prevails and the tragic consequences of life can be overcome by the magical strength that resides in the human heart. (p.34)Antonios father is rather important for his spiritual growth. Despite the event that he wants his son to become Llano vaquero, he wants Antonio to feel independence and freedom. From the first of all glance Gabriel externalisems a common drunkard, but with the novel progression we see the depth and dignity of his relations with Llano. Antonio inherited fathers inquiring and questionable mind. When one of the villagers dies Antonio asks God Why did Lupito die? Why do you allow the evil of the Trementinas? Why did you allow Narciso to be murdered when he was doing good? A thousand questions pushed through my mind, but the Voice within me did not answer. (p.23) Maria forces Antonio to follow her family traditions, whereas Gabriel wants him to choose the life of vaquero only if he wants. He doesnt want Antonio to be in a state of regret as he is. In much(prenominal) a way, Gabriel is the first person who teaches Antonio to make his own decisions about the future. kit and boodle CitedAnaya, Rudolfo. Bless Me, Ultima. New York Grand Central Publishing, 1994.

The daily life of an African living

What should a billionaire give and what should you-speech Good afternoon ladies and gentleman my name is George France. Welcome to the quaternate business lunch. Today I exit be talking to you almost diaphysis Singers views on almsgiving. The daily life of an African living in meagerness is a lot different compargond to yours or mine. Africans living in poverty b atomic number 18ly survive day to day. 1 billion flock dont bedevil access to clean drinking piddle and others must walk miles sightly to welcome clean drinking water, whereas state like us can walk mere meters and get it full-strength from a tap.There argon about 7 million hoi polloi in African that be dying from starvation this very second and habitude be able to get food unless they are lucky overflowing to find a charity handing it out, where as we can pick up a phone and order food from a number of places and get it in a field if minutes. 2. 2million people in Africa die both year of curably diseases like cholera, which can be cured for under $30 whereas if we have an illness we would just see the doctor and get a prescription to cure our illness.No one wants to put a price on a human life provided if we did I am sealed allone in this room would obtain that it would be millions of dollars. This bulletproofly backs up the signal that everyone is equal which Peter Singer constantly uses as a blotto argument. This means it is wrong to evaluate people based on how wet they are but instead we should give them money so that they are also equal in the wealth. Im sure everyone would agree that it is wrong that children in the developing world are dying from diseases that are easily treated in the developed world.Childrens lives are priceless and most people would value the lives of children as equal and perhaps plane give their own life to save a child. Yet thousands of children every day are dying and may people dont even donate money to try and stop it. This point is approv e up by the quote when will people finally immerse that the death of a child in the developing world is just as tragic as the death of a child in the devolved world As Im sure you know in that respect are lots of celebrities that donate millions to charities every year, like Bill render.So the indecision arises that if Bill Gates is donating millions and leading by example what should we donate? Peter singer writes that we should donate as a great deal as we can without divergence into poverty ourselves but I know this can be awkward for many of you so I would suggest that you donate as much as you feel comfortable with. But as I am sure many of you are wondering most celebrities donate great amount of money to improve their image and if this is so should we really number them.Even if celebrities are only donating to look bankrupt the money still goes to charity and back ups millions of people so the motives to giving the money dont matter as long as it helps. Peter Singe r commences a vey strong point that people are born into poverty and can not help that fact that they are poor and the same thing applies to the rich, that they are only rich because they were born into solid circumstances.For example if Bill Gates was born in a slum with parents that can barley pass to feed him in Africa Im sure he would not be as successful as he is today. What I am saying is if people cant get a good education they will struggle to get a job and they will live in poverty. So we hire to donate to charity to make the circumstances better for people in developing worlds by construction things like schools so they can get an education and then a job so they earn money breaking out of the poverty trend.Im sure a lot of you would fight that you have earnt your money and therefore no one has the right to tell you what to do with it but Peter Singer would argue that we owe people from developing countries because we are partially responsible for their suffering. The rich are rich because the poor are poor. Also Im sure that a lot of you would argue that money doesnt always get to the charity and the people that need it because people divert it and take it.But as Peter Singer says, a little bit of something is better than a whole lot of energy. This means that if only say half the money donated actually gets to the people that need it the money can still help save lives and is better than no money at all. I hope that I have changed your views on charity and I hope all these arguments will help to convince you to donate and support charities in the future. Thank you for letting me lecture to you all today I hope to see you all again. By George France

Corporate Governance Essay

ABSTRACTThis paper psychoanalyses whether the wages of the headland executive officeholder position in Hong Kong ordinary flyings is affected by board account, given the act upon of family moderate on the boards of more Hong Kong companies. It is hypothesized that I) in family- restrainerled boards, top dog executive director officeholders elater high wages and II) political boss executive director ships officers in family-controlled boards serve as captain administrator Officer positions longer. In family-controlled boards, in incarnated presidential term is of very high importance as the individual non-executive directors fucking exert less(prenominal)(prenominal) influence over the board, compargond to non-family-controlled boards (dispersed boards).Keywords venire composition, Remuneration, embodied authorities.1.INTRODUCTIONThe economic turmoil in Asia in 1997 has led to a wider recognition of the importance of corporate governance. In line with globa l trends towards higher standards of corporate governance, the duties and liabilities of the directors of the listed companies see therefore become more stringent.It follows that many corporate governance mechanisms designed to monitor board members whitethorn be less effective for family-owned and family-controlled fasts. However, to attract out-of-door investors, family-owned and family-controlled self-coloreds tend to encourage greater independency and supervise from the board.For the purposes of the study, family-owned and family-controlled be practice session upd interchangeably. The reason is that actual family self-will is problematical to ascertain callable to various sh beholdings and special purpose vehicles that ar employ, and post non be deduced from yearbook studys.Thus, in this study we classify family-control and family-possession when the board is fox of a bulk of cerebrate family members as a family-controlled board. When it is not, we classify i t as a dispersed board. In send, there atomic number 18 instances where the family owns the major(ip)ity of a phoner but comprise of a minority of the board, and it is manageable that the family is able to exert influence via other avenues, however, this study will not be examining such.Family-owned firms are common throughout Asia. Studies represent that, family-owned firms hold more than 20 per centum of the equity of listed companies in Asia, and more than 60 share of the listed companies birth connections with family-owned groups (Bebchuk & Fried, 2006). Family-owned businesses represent the predominant form of listed companies in Hong Kong ( beat & Poors, 2002). much(prenominal) family proprietorship structure implies the strong influence of dominant stockholders and come throughs limited vowel system for minority shareholders. Compared to the Anglo-American surroundings, where ownership blocks are less concentrated but institutional investors are more prevalent, in Hong Kong, there is less of a horti nicety for non-executive directors or minority shareholder activists to challenge.Variations in ownership structure whitethorn lead to differences in the nature of surgery conflicts, the sections of directors whitethorn vary in accordance to the ownership structure. For family-owned firms, Shleifer and Vishny (1997) argue that the primary part conflict is surrounded by a family owner and non-family owners. Meanwhile, for widely held firms, Berle and Means (1932), and, Jensen and Meckling (1976) argue that the primary agency conflict is among executives and shareholders. As a consequence, tying recompense to cognitive process of executives may prove the close to efficient way to mitigate this agency conflict.To date, a vast of literatures published in recent days translate the growing recognition of influences of family-owned firms and executive profits on corporate governance. legion(predicate) studies bemuse tended to focus on the use of payment contracts to reorient interests of executives with owners in family-owned firms.The rise in executive profits in recent years has been the subject of public criticism, which further intensified corporate governance scandals. therefore, the enquire whether a correlation exists in the midst of allowance and family-control in board composition at Hong Kong-listed companies.2.OBJECTIVESIn 1994, Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing bound introduced rules that hold listed firms to disclose the stipend of directors. Before 2004, there was no requirement to disclose the names and recompense of directors (Cheng & Firth, 2005).The Disclosure of Financial Information rule under Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limiteds list draw reins was amended on 31 March 2004 to require abounding disclosure, on an individual and named basis, of directors fees and any other reimbursement or benefit payable to a director. In addition, Hong Kong Financial Reporting Standard 2 requi res listed firms to disclose directors share- invertebrate footd pay.The figure on incarnate system Practices forms part of the Listing Rules and came into effect on 1 January 2005. According to the Code on bodied Governance Practices, Hong Kongs listed firms should be overseen by an effective board, which should assume state for the leadership and control of the listed firm, and the members of which should be collectively responsible for promoting the success of the firm by directing and supervising its affairs. Directors should make decisions objectively in the stovepipe interests of the firm.In regards of remuneration insurance for firms directors, the Code on Corporate Governance Practices requires the disclosure of information related to the firms directors remuneration policy and other remuneration-related matters. There should be a formal and transparent procedure for setting policy on executive directors remuneration. The headland executive director Officer, a direc tor in the board of company, will hence have his/her full remuneration disclosed.It is recommended that remuneration should be set at a aim sufficient to attract and retain directors of the caliber required to run the company successfully, but companies should avoid paying more than is necessary.However, it is argued that many corporate governance mechanisms designed to monitor board members may be less effective for family-owned firms. However, to attract alfresco investors, family-owned firms tend to encourage greater independence and supervise from the board.In Hong Kong, there are quite a number of listed companies have a high concentration of family ownership. It is common for the top executives of family-owned firms in Hong Kong to be family members. The rise of remuneration of family executives in family-owned firms has been the subject of public criticism.Recognizing this, the purpose of this look for is to find out whether there is any relationship between family-board -control of firms and remuneration of promontory Executive Officers. To summarize, this study revolves around the following major objectives. To show whether there are gigantic differences in old-timer Executive Officers remuneration for family-controlled and non-family-controlled firms (specifically firms with family-controlled boards and firms without family-controlled boards) To find out whether Family primary(prenominal) Executive Offices (cases where the of import Executive Officer are family members of the family-controlled boards) are awarded excessive requital, compromising standards of corporate governance To examine the tenure of Chief Executive Officers for family-controlled firms vs non-family-controlled firms, given that there may be differences in the boards ongoing approval and demand of the results delivered by the Chief Executive Office and To test whether there are world-shaking differences in corporate governance structure of family-controlled and non- family-controlled firms.3.LITERATURES REVIEW, HYPOTHESIS DEVELOPMENT3.1 fashion theoryIt is commonly acknowledged that ownership structure, the basis of corporate governance, is all important(p) to the overall act of firms. While there are a large number of literatures discussing ownership structure, agency theory is frequently cited as a foundation.In modern corporations, the separation of ownership and control leads to agency conflicts that can be alleviated through various corporate governance mechanisms (Fama and Jensen, 1983). As one such mechanism, compensation schemes are designed to provide bonuss that align the behavior of factors to act on behalf of principles (Jensen and Meckling, 1976). This relationship between executive compensation and firm performance has received considerable attention from the general public and academics.One of the issues in the field of anxiety is the impact of family influence (Mishra et. al., 2001 McConaughy et. al., 1998) and corporate go vernance on the value of a firm (Khatri et al., 2001 Kwak, 2003 B miss et al., 2003).There are various studies in diverse areas like accounting, economics, finance, law and management have been conducted to study such impact (Mishra et al., 2001 Kwak, 2003 Blacket al., 2003 Andersen and Reeb, 2003). These studies have resulted in elicit and useful observations.According to Alchian and Demsetz (1972), the principal agent problem comes from hidden action due to asymmetric information. The essence of a firm is that, it permits people to solve as a team. It is the cooperation of a team that leads to a firms output. Thus, the agency problem inevitably arises in corporate governance.According to Jensen and Meckling (1976), agent problem arises from the conflict of interests between shareholders as the principals and the executives as the agents. Consequently, residual control rights fall into the hands of management instead of the residual cash fertilize claimants. As a result, the su m of monitoring expenditures be incurred by the principal, soldering expenditures incurred by the agent, and the value of the lost residual borne by the principal are included as the cost of agency.In general, when ownership of a firm becomes more dispersed, the agency problem will be deteriorated due to the inability of the relatively small shareholders to monitor the behavior of management. The monitoring of managers by shareholders is likewise weakened by free-rider problem. To mitigate the problem of agency, Ang (2000) and Denis and Sarin (1999) suggested the shareholding of management to be increased in order to make the executive a significant claimant.An inverse correlation exists between the dispersed ownership and firm performance (Berle and Means, 1932), because executives interests do not coincide with the interest of shareholders so that corporate resources are not used for the maximization of shareholders wealth. This view has been supported by many scholars. Shleife r and Vishny (1986), McConnell and Servaes (1990), and Zingales (1995) found a strong positive relationship between ownership concentration and corporate performance.In transitional economies, Xu and Wang (1999) and Chen (2001) found a positive relationship between actual firm performance and ownership concentration for a sample of listed Chinese companies.3.2Ownership StructureIt is common in Hong Kong, that ownership structure is characterized by single dominant owners (Chau & Leung, 2006). A report of the Corporate Governance Working Group of the Hong Kong Society of Accountants in 1995 designated that a high concentration on family-controlled listed firms is highly entrepreneurial and opportunistic in their business strategies, however, the report also indicate that these firms with single dominant owners lack resources and corporate culture to maintain strong internal corporate control.The 2001 refresh on Corporate Governance by the Hong Kong Standing Committee for Corporate Law Reform, as nearly as a report from Standard & Poors, indicated that family ownership structures present particular challenges. Theoretically, there is a major puzzle regarding the parcel of family in large firms (Bertrand & Schoar, 2006 Villalonga & Amit, 2006).In family-controlled firms, threatening factors may negatively influence the firms value (Demstez, 1983 Demstez and Lehn, 1985). Table 1 as at a lower place lists positive and negative factors affecting the relationship between family control and firm value. It shows that there is still difference of opinion among researchers on this topic of importance.3.3Family Chief Executive OfficersIn this study, whether a person belonging to the family acts as a Chief Executive Officer is taken into account. We classify family-control and family-ownership when the board is made of a absolute majority of related family members (family-controlled board). When it is not, we classify it as a dispersed board. Family Chief Executive Officers have substantial furrowholding of 5 percent or more (Daily & Dollinger, 1993), with such given talk terms power, can be expected to influence the size and structure of their remuneration packages to their own benefit. Thus, for the purposes of this study, Chief Executive Officers with stockholdings of less than 5 percent are not counted as Family Chief Executive Officers.There are differing opinions on whether such Family Chief Executive Officers have higher or lower remunerations at such family-controlled firms. Some believe that such Family Chief Executive Officers are receiving above-average compensation due to the family-controlled board, as well as their strong ability to influence remuneration committee.Oh the other hand, others take the paired view and see that Family Chief Executive Officers should be receiving below-average compensation. There is some(prenominal) reasons for this expectation. First of all, both anecdotal (Applegate, 1994 Kets de Vries, 1993) a nd experiential (Allen & Pamian, 1982 Gomez-Mejia et al., 2001 Schulze et al., 2001) evidence suggest that incumbents with family ties to owners enthral high employment security.As argued by Beehr (1997), the Family Chief Executive Officer inherently plays two overlapping and interdependent roles a work role as steward of the company, and a non-work role as fulfillment of family obligations. In reciprocity for this role duality, the Family Chief Executive Officer is rewarded with a relatively assured job (Allen & Pamian, 1982 Kets de Vries, 1993 Gomez-Mejia et al., 2001).Moreover, some literatures suggested that evaluators are more likely to make positive performance attributions to employees when there are emotional ties between monitoring and those beingness judged (Cardy & Dobbins, 1993). It is expected that in family-controlled firms, board members in their role as monitors may be less inclined to attribute disappointing results to the Family Chief Executive Officer, giving t he benefit of the doubt to the incumbent when interpreting dubious performance data.Agency theory suggests that there are inherent conflicts between shareholders and executives. Applying agency theorys logic, the above scenario suggests that in family-controlled firms, risk unbecoming agents would trade higher job security for lower earnings if they are related to principals. Family Chief Executive Officers mitigate usual agency cost because of their aligned interests with the owners (Anderson & Reeb, 2003). The information asymmetry problem in agency relationships may also be reduced given the close ties between Family Chief Executive Officers and the owners. Since they hold high ownership stakes, Family Chief Executive Officers have sufficient incentives to place family welfare ahead of personal interests, thus may perform better than firms with non-family Chief Executive Officers.Barney (2001) suggested that appointing family members as Chief Executive Officers may be beneficia l. Tradition, loyalty, and bonding relationships determine how resources are deployed in family firms. Family Chief Executive Officers build common interests and identities (Habbershon & Williams, 1999) and play a dual role by being both owners and executives (Chang, 2003 Yiu, Bruton, & Lu, 2005).Through social relationships with managers and employees, Family Chief Executive Officers may help to obtain intangible resources such as destination congruence, trust, and social interactions, providing valuable, unique, and hard-to-imitate competitive advantage (Chu, 2011 Liu et al., 2011 Luo & Chung, 2005).The Code on Corporate Governance Practices recommends remuneration committee to seek advice from the Chief Executive Officer on the matter of directors remuneration.Executives in firms controlled by a large shareholder receive more compensation for performance, than executives in firms lacking a controlling owner (Gomez-Mejia et al., 1987).Mehran (1995) examined the relationship betwe en executive remuneration, ownership structure and firm performance. The results indicate that firms, which have more outside directors, have a higher percentage of executive remuneration in equity-based form. Moreover, the percentage of equity-based remuneration is inversely related to the outside directors equity ownership, i.e., the executives equity-based remuneration rose if the outside directors owned less of the company, and vice-versa.Next, Mehran (1995) turned to firm performance, and its relationship to executive remuneration and ownership structure. He used Tobins Q and return on assets as measures of firm performance. He found firm performance to be positively related to the percentage of executive remuneration that is equity-based. However, Mehran (1995) no relationship between firm performance and ownership structure. He concluded that the results support the impression that executive remuneration should be tied to firm performance.There is a vast amount of literature on turnover of the Chief Executive Officer position (Furtado and Karan, 1990 Kesner and Sebora, 1994 Finkelstein and Hambrick, 1996 Pitcher et al., 2000). However, according to Finkelstein and Hambrick (1996), the relationship between remuneration and turnover has not been subjected to rigorous empirical examination, train off given the speech pattern on retention as a justification for high remuneration of Chief Executive Officer.The following hypotheses are borderHypothesis 1 In family-controlled boards, Chief Executive Officers receive higher compensation.Hypothesis 2 Chief Executive Officers in family-controlled boards serve as Chief Executive Officer positions longer.3.4Board CompositionThe role of the board is expected to represent shareholders, provide strategic guidance to and effective oversight of management, foster a culture of good governance, and promote a safe and healthy working environment within the company.In accordance to Hong Kong Stock Exchange Listing Rule 3.10, the board of directors is required to have at least three nonsymbiotic non-executive directors. The carriage of truly independent non-executive directors in the corporate governance regime is seen as one way of mitigating agency problem associated with concentrated family ownership.In family-owned firms, given the influence of family control on the remuneration and performance relationships exists, where the majority of shares are in the hands of family members, under this circumstance, the executive and risk-bearer functions are integrated and more of the wealth consequences of the executives decisions are internalized. In other words, there is less separation of ownership and control and thus lowering agency costs, which in turn leads to less cost for monitoring by outside directors. Therefore, firms well controlled and managed by family members are expected to use lower proportion of outside directors compared with firms with disperse ownership.In widely held firms, wi th ownership dispersed among many investors, investors are often small and poorly informed to form even the control rights they actually have. Moreover, the free-rider problem faced by individual investors makes them uninterested in expending effort to learn about the firms they have financed, or even to participate in the governance (Shleifer and Vishny, 1997). As a result, the larger head of separation of ownership and control in widely held firms leads to greater conflicts. The use of outside directors by widely held firms is expected to be more.3.5Remuneration CommitteeIn 1999, remuneration committees were uncommon in Hong Kong, with only few firms reporting their universe (Cheng & Firth, 2005). Since 2006, Hong Kong Stock Exchange proposes a rule to require issuers to set up a remuneration committee, with the committee chairman and a majority of the members being Independent Non-executive Directors.In family-owned firms, the positions of the Chief Executive Officer are ordi narily held by family members, who can influence the level of remuneration paid to directors. The Code on Corporate Governance Practices recommends remuneration committee to seek advice from the Chief Executive Officer on the matter of directors remuneration.The Code on Corporate Governance Practices recommends that the majority of remuneration committee members be Independent Non-executive Directors. The presence of Independent Non-executive Directors on the remuneration committee is supposed to be used as monitoring mechanism that prevents excessive remuneration for executive directors (Basu et al., 2007), including that of the Chief Executive Officer. The role of independent non-executive directors and large institutional shareholders becomes crucial to curtailing the attainable self-serving behavior of top managers (HKSA, 2001).Studies of firms in other countries show foreign results on the relationship between remuneration and remuneration committee. Some findings show that r emuneration committees tend to reduce remuneration, whereas others report the opposite (Conyon & Peck, 1998 Ezzamel & Watson, 1998).However, in practice it is highly likely that the Chief Executive Officer has some influence over the compensation decision (Murphy, 1999). An important question relating to the composition of remuneration committee concerns the ideal combination of outsiders and insiders. Insiders may face distorted incentives due to their lack of independence from the Family Chief Executive Officer (Bushman et al., 2004).3.6 Components of RemunerationThe basal components of remuneration of Chief Executive Officer are similar, however, the relative level and weights on the components differ (Abowd and Kaplan, 1999, and Bryan et al., 2006). Generally, remuneration of Chief Executive Officer can be divided into four basic parts a base recompense, an annual bonus which is tied to some accounting measure of company performance, stock options, and long-term incentive plan s, such as restricted stock plans and multi-year accounting-based performance plans. Base salary is the fixed part of remuneration of Chief Executive Officer, causing risk-averse executives to prefer an increase in base salary rather than an increase in bonuses. Most components of remuneration are undertake relative to base salary. Bonus in addition to the base salary, most companies offer their executives an annual bonus plan based on a single years performance. The purpose of such bonuses, as well as options, is to align the incentives of the Chief Executive Officer with that of the shareholders. Stock options are contracts, which give the owner the right to buy shares at a pre-specified exercise price. Stock options reward stock price appreciation, not total shareholder return, which includes dividends. In this study, stock options are excluded, as full details of such information would not be retrievable from annual reports. Other forms of compensation restricted stock to be re ceived by executives, it is restricted in the sense that shares are forfeited under certain conditions, which usually have to do with the longevity of employment. Many companies also have long-term incentive plans in addition to the bonus plans, which are based on annual performance. Top executives routinely participate in supplemental executive retirement plans in addition to the company-wide retirement plans. Most executives have some discriminate of severance arrangement. Finally, executives often receive benefits in the form of free use of company cars, housing, etc.Based on the various conceptual and empirical evidences presented above, this study aims to understand whether the remuneration of a Family Chief Executive Officer is influenced by the board composition, i.e. whether it is family-controlled or not. This ties into the original Hypothesis 1, thus, the further hypotheses is framed as followsHypothesis 3 The higher the proportion of independent non-executive members on the board of directors at family-board-controlled firms, the lower the Chief Executive Officer remuneration.