Primary Factors Affecting Tourism Demand Tourism Essay

uncomplicated quill Factors Affecting Tourism Demand Tourism EssayPrimary factors affecting tourism exact ar the economy with matters ranging from the exchange rate to job losses.Politics,the growth in size of it of the EU,environment and taxation.Crisis and threats including earth quakes,epidemics and terrorism.Demographic change with a shifting age structure,effects of migration and the rise of educational levels.Technology and it effects on directation,communication and information.There is change in consumer attitudes and for the patience itself,product standardization,the growth of information channels,and pricing strategies.The realisation of deciding to have a holiday is dependent in large part on the individuals economical position and freedom to light up the journey.External factors proving potent to this need would be freedom,fitness,time and money.The behaviour trend includes a host of factors including an internal state of wit relating to the motive and the cap acity to make the journey.Emerging factors may be reusable to examine as they volition bring ab divulge somewhatwhat annunciateable and constant in their evolution.Power relating to market concerns lies with the consumer.The prospective tourist.The enlargement of the EU is especially important.Its size has grown some 25%,its population by some 20% and the GDP by 5% over the years.The general process of political maturation spanning over twenty years has influenced ever-changing tourism direct.Media coverage influences a seed bed of latent interest in the recently inaugurated members of the community.Most prospective runlers argon now able to see the world as their oyster.The holiday destinations therefore have become intensely competitive.Yet barriers to immediate progress remain especially for the countries of Eastern Europe.Here low investment rates,undeveloped infrastructure for the countryside,a poor transport system with third rate hotels and cuisine are capped by wea k tourism marketing. envision is a vital ingredient to the tourist destination.Their is prevailing ignorance of the new member countries.Destinations are chosen usually by motive matching.Here the enlargement of the EU has had remarkably teentsy effect on the consumer,so it seems that wholly a transformation in marketing strategy management is going to improve matters.There bequeath be probatory change for the EU in source markets and the upswing of a rising welfare.The impulses undoubtedly come from the south and eastern United States with the traditional source markets such as Germ each macrocosm saturated.Demographic considerations have made their appearance and are now featuring as a focus for online debates and deliberations.Society consists of an older population with increasing life expectancyand there is a decline in the number of children because of an increased proportion of the population divorcing and living separately.Traditional family exemplifications are diss olving.Also bonny influential is a rise in educational levels,the changing role of women in society and a more vibrant society due to admixture from migratory patterns.Yet tourists,people,are non going to alter their travel behaviour as they turn 60 or because of retirement.Patterns are adhered to originating from earlier years.Because of this it is possible to cater for future(a) take aimments in tourism for such a population.The generation of baby boomersis likely to be super supple in their endeavour to satisfy themselves on prospective travel horizons.There get out be senior trips cooperative to individual tailoring.Consider Germany as an poser.The age group of 70-80 will rise more than 50% by 2018.Alterations of family numbers racket will become slow in maturation but this allows the industry to maintain orientation and yield a strong focus for needs and expectations of destination.Older people are becoming increasingly involved with their junior forebears and this wi ll require adjustment.Factors to consider here are higher spending, eagle-eyeder stays,and some other destination choices.The kids trip being a standard incurs its own behaviour pattern.More flight trips and usage of more tour operators.Playmates will be needed so this is a nonher feature that the destination will have to meet.It is clear therefore that the changing nature of demography has impacts that will reflect in tourism solicit.The very important pre-trip phase involving the bet for information and deciding upon the tourism product has as an emerging factor the skilled consumer with low involvement.This office staff has produced interchangeable products.Distinctions of destination and tour operator is not a contentious issue with information clog up these days.What happens to us all is an agreeable solution.Just a number of aspects for the required products from a few information sources.Arguing is not needful and therefore the position is that of low involvement.And so the actual position is that of convenience together with ensure helping ones orientationvariety being a feature which of course is sought by everyone.Our own(prenominal) experiences and emotional banks have now become part of the product on offer promised by the producer. outlay orientation has become a dominant feature.This has been induced by strategy within the industry.The selling of musical note trips for remarkably low prices in the hope of higher market shares is likely to result in a high turnover with probably a lower profit.But convenience and product quality rank with the consumer and so the phenomenon of induced price orientation continues to spiral.Yet it is the consumer who is more flexible than the industry itself.If one destination doesnt turn out as I expected I muckle go to another.I dont honestly have too practicallytimes fancy for flying so I take the train or road ne iirk.There is contingency with the approachability of an alternative even if more incon venientI can still get there.Consuming,drinking is fun not a necessity.There is no sense of lack because everything now is available on the market.But this means it becomes impractical to predict individual behaviour,yet it is becoming an importance to have at ones disposal as far as the industry is concerned the most accurate figures possible.Such market conditions,with decidedly knowledgeable consumers and vast resources in the field are presenting a serious challenge to the marketing departments.The problem has become even more intense and strongwith globalization and a computer based technology tending to incline to standardization but tourism demand and products are becoming more differentiated and fragmentized.There are winter sports,field trips and holidays for the family.Expectations involve both quality and difference.With such standardization and differentiation this imposes more pressure without in effect guaranteeing an increased demand or turn-over.Without the consumer the service industries along with tourism go nowhere.This fact relates not only tourism but for any policies to do with tourism.Destinations have to become switched on,alerted, to realise they have become truly involved with intense competition.It is not sufficient simply to have a reliable product or for the consumer to realise this.There has to be the condition placement with the correct set and shrewd judgement is required for doing so.Here travel operators and agencies can assist in the phenomenon of the information overload providing well-timed guidance and convenience within the information jungle.Yet the politics involved has to blast inconsistency and contradictions within the set of proposed objectives and establish solutions and priorities.Financial support should be discriminative here not everybody inevitably being acceptable as to the validity of following such objectives.Social balance of resources may be shifting and indeed there could be a widening gap developin g but tourism does require a broad base of comfortable incomed people with time and money.Any kind of vision is going to accomodate pan-european,national,regional and topical anaesthetic needs.All the different levels of destination and industry segmentation will have to be linked somehow.There are two categories of circumstances requiring priority of action.Either go forth exceeds demand or the opposite of demand exceeding supply.Strategies choose are tailored to meet circumstances arising either on a daily,weekly,seasonal or a long term basis.With demand being low either at below capacity or only at authorized periods there is a variety of strategy engaged.Product modification and diversification with adjustment of dispersal channels if needs be to strengthen.There has to be identification of alternative or even new sources of demand and price discounting.Reappraisal of promotional strategy.An example of the application of all these would be the Caribbean destinations respond ing to low levels of occupancy during a spend period.VFR is promoted to domiciles as the holidays usually fall within the summer period.While casinos as attractions are being promoted on some of the islands within the group.Another condition is the necessity to reduce costs because it is not possible to increase the craved demand factor.To reduce fixed and variable costs in the hotel sector for example it may be necessary not only to reduce the rooms available but whole wings or even the hotel itself.Again this is prevalent in the Caribbean.Airlines can reduce plane quota available or rent them to other companies.Redistribution becomes necessary as the demand for a product is no longer self-sustaining.Converting factors for hotels might consist of fusing two rooms into one or the provision of no-smoking rooms.Conventional hotel rooms are being transformed into time-share units being an example of long-term adaptive strategy.Or for the airline industry the conversion of scheduled fl ights into charter itineries.These are examples of adaptive supply redistribution.When demand exceeds capacity additional charging for such resources incurs increased pricing for seating or rooms so gaining extra revenue per unit.Theme parks with ever increasing clientele but negative impaction can resort themselves to significantly higher entrance charges.Then,responding to higher demand level, destination management may embroider the current capacity factor.The hotels again being an example with additional infrastructure being acquired.Cot facilities are often available to increase the room capacity.Portable accommodation in the southern hemisphere is quite attractive and popular.Resort communities in the slack season make use of their surveillance staff to accommodate for the daily and weekly pattern of demands by supplying patrolled beaches.The Caribbean again may be referred to as an example of the transference of demand at times of excess to periods of low demand.Differential seasonal pricing is an attempt to redistribute demand following from a high winter demand to a low summer one.Accomodation forms an integral part of the tourist destination.The set is wide.From five-star luxury apartments to bed and breakfastbut all contributing to the experience of the destination.So the accommodation sector is a vital element in the supply of services and products to the tourist.Supply of accommodation with easy access and comforts contribute to the pulling influence of the destination,its attractionthe only limitation being that of ones own personal budgeting which at times might well be variable.The concept of relative value becomes therefore a primary consideration for finalisation of destination choice for the prospective tourist.Income levels rule the volume of demand whereas relative prices will determine actual choice of such a destination.Exchange rates apart from cost format will influence price levels so if the dollar proves to be stronger compared wi th European currencies then more US visitors will appear in Europe because it is cheaper.With floating exchange rates this proves not to be so influential as in the past.Complications are bound to arise and it is therefore generally the case that volume for demand is linked to real income levels, real discretionary income.Precisely, it is elasticity of demand regarding income and how the exchange rates effect on prices influences this.The exchange rate itself reflects the general well-being of the country concerned.Yet what constitutes economic data for the country involved has little meaning to the tourist who actually is only interested in relative prices for consumption items e.g.accomodation,shopping etc.Attempts are established to install a value-for-money concept whereby tour operators for example cost such items as bottle of wine to provide a means of comparison with the purchase of like items within the home country.This concept of value-for-money is useful regarding holid ay expenditure.Affluent countries such as France and Britain have significant tourist outflows to quite poor countries such as Greece and Portugal.Quality of amenities at the host destination including accommodation will influence demand.A certain pith of tourists will have to be present for a sufficiently powerful stimulus to further the demand flow.There should be a range of attractions for a certain degree of market differentiation to be existent.With the all-encompassing tour the actual nature of the decision making process has changedeffectively the tour operator becomes the example and coordinator of demand.Their specialised knowledge proves to be particularly useful here.Markets are known to exist for a certain price banding.As noted in this report the potential tourist is becoming exceedingly knowledgeable about(predicate) such matters in some instances being able to displace such a function.It has become necessary to examine tourist motivation over a period of time.Only partial explanations are expected in a field strewn with inconsistencies.Essentially the reason(s) for motivation must revolve around a persons personal preference,experience and the social and economic circumstances.Hopefully the understanding of tourist motivation will enable us to realise why it is that some destinations reconcile a heightened attraction compared to others and why decline occurs with changing tastes and fashions providing a greater knowledge of the world and its requirements than was so for earlier industry forecasting.BIBLIOGRAPHYCooper,C et al (2005) TourismPrinciples and practice.FT Prentice HallPage S. (2006) Tourism Management Managing for tack Butterworth-HeinemannTribe John (1995) The Economics Of Leisure And Tourism.Butterworth-HeinemannWeaver D and Oppermann M (2000) Tourism Management. John WileyHolloway JC. (2006) The transaction of Tourism